4.Kidneys Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy of the kidney

A

Afferent arteriole, glomerulus, Efferent arteriole,

Glomerulus Loop of Henle, Peritubular Capillaries, Collecting Duct

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2
Q

4 Steps of GFR?

A
  1. Filtration
  2. Reabsorption
  3. Secretion
  4. Excretion
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3
Q

Normal GFR =

• Osmolarity ~

A

125 ml/ min / 1.73 m2

  • Male ~ 7.5 L/h = 180 L/day!
  • Female ~ 6 L/H = 144 L/day

300 mosmol/L = ECF

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4
Q

Intrinsic mechanisms which control GFR include?

A

Tubulo Glomerular Feedback

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5
Q

Extrinsic mechanisms which control GFR include the?

A

sympathetic nervous system

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6
Q

Step 2: Reabsorption… lots of electrolytes + water

name the 2 steps in this

A
  1. The filtrate passes along a tube equipped with aquaporins that are relatively impermeable to urea.
  2. Salt and water are absorbed from the tube, leaving most of the urea behind with
    a small amount of remaining water
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7
Q

Basolateral ATPase

A

3 Na+ to 2 K+

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8
Q

• Cell: Low Na, high K,

__ mV potential

A

-70

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9
Q

• Apical facilitated diffusion
– Gradient of Na ?
– Negative potential ______cell

A

– Gradient Na+ 140 mM vs 12 mM

– Negative potential inside cell

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10
Q

The Na gradient is maintained by

A

the Na/K ATPase pump

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11
Q

Na+ coupled glucose

symporter:

A

co-transport

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12
Q

Secondary active reabsorption. How much

  • Glucose?
  • Na ?
A
  • Glucose~ 5mmol/L

* Na ~ 140 mmol/L

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13
Q

The end of the Proximal Tubule
_____fluid is ↓ from 6 L/h to approximately ~ 1.2 L/h.
i.e. best guess, 80% of ____is reabsorbed

A

Tubular

GFR

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14
Q

The Na-K ATPase maintains a sodium gradient to enable ?

A

Na+ reabsorption

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15
Q

what happens to [Na] concentration at the end of the Proximal Tubule?

A

No change in [Na] concentration

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16
Q

There is no __________at end of the Proximal Tubule?

A

No glucose or amino acids

17
Q

The end of the Proximal Tubule ~iso-osmotic;

the missing osmoles are made up by?

A

the missing osmoles are made up by urea

18
Q

The end of the Proximal Tubule

Urea concentration is~

A

Urea concentration is ~ 2-4x higher than it was in the original glomerular filtrate (and ECF of course)