3. Acid Base Balance

Question 1

Molecules containing hydrogen atoms that can release hydrogen ions in solutions
are referred to as

Answer 1

acids

Question 2

an ion or a molecule that can accept an H+.

Answer 2

base

Question 3

The term alkalosis refers to

Answer 3

excess removal of H+ from the body fluids,

Question 4

acidosis

Answer 4

excess addition of H+,

Question 5

The normal pH of arterial blood

Answer 5

7.4

Question 6

3 Mechanisms of pH Control

Answer 6

•the chemical acid-base buffer systems of the
body fluids,
• the respiratory center,
•the kidneys

Question 7

the chemical acid-base buffer systems of the
body fluids, immediately combine with
___________ to prevent excessive changes in ?

Answer 7

acid or base

H+ concentration;

Question 8

the respiratory center, regulates the

removal of ____(and, therefore, ____) from the?

Answer 8

CO2
H2CO3
extracellular fluid;

Question 9

the kidneys, can excrete either acid or
alkaline urine, thereby readjusting the
_______ ____ _ _______ toward
normal during acidosis or alkalosis.

Answer 9

extracellular fluid H+ concentration

Question 10

3 types of Buffer Systems

Answer 10

Bicarbonate Buffers
• Phosphate Buffers
• Proteins as Intracellular Buffers

Question 11

Bicarbonate Buffer!

CO2 +H2O== H2CO3 ->???

Answer 11

H+ + HCO3-
HCO3- + NA+ < NaHCO3

NAOH +H2CO3-> NaHCO3 + H2O

Question 12

The main elements of the phosphate buffer system ?

Answer 12

H2PO4−

and HPO4-

Question 13

The phosphate buffer system has a pK of __

, which is not far from the normal pH of 7.4 in the body fluids.

Answer 13

6.8

Question 14

The phosphate buffer is especially important in the

Answer 14

tubular

fluids of the kidneys

Question 15

HCL+ Na2HPO4> ___ + ____

NaOH +NaH2PO4 ->???

Answer 15

NaH2PO4 + NaCl

NaH2PO4 + H2O

Question 16

Kidneys and pH regulation!
• Reabsorption of
• Secretion of
• Production of

Answer 16

HCO3-
H+ ions
HCO3-

Question 17

Increase H+ Secretion and HCO3- absorption?

Answer 17

Incr. PCO2
Incr. H+, Decr. HCO3-
Decr. Extrcellular fluid volume
Incr. Angiotension 2
Incr. Aldosterone
Hypokalemia

Question 18

Decrease H+ Secretion and HCO3- absorption?

Answer 18

Decr. PCO2
Decr. H+, Incr. HCO3-
Incr. Extrcellular fluid volume
Decr. Angiotension 2
Decr. Aldosterone
Hyperkalemia

Question 19

CO2 +H2O== ?

Answer 19

H2CO3

equilib