4E - Spectrometry & Synthesis - synthesis table

Question 1

Acidified sodium dichromate (or potassium dichromate)

Reflux in excess

Answer 1

Primary alcohol → Carboxylic acid

Secondary alcohol → Ketone

Aldehyde → Carboxylic acid

Question 2

Acidified sodium dichromate (or potassium dichromate)

Distil

Answer 2

Primary alcohol → aldehyde

Question 3

Sodium hydroxide solution

Warm

Answer 3

Haloalkane → Alcohol

Question 4

Bromine water

RTP

Answer 4

Alekene → dibromoalkane

Question 5

Conc solphuric acid or phosphoric acid

Reflux

Answer 5

Alcohol → Alkene

Question 6

Water and phosphoric acid

High temperature and high pressure

Answer 6

Alkene to a alcohol

Question 7

Halogen

UV light

Answer 7

Alkane to a haloalkane

Question 8

Name the 3 most important greenhouse gases

Answer 8

Carbon dioxide

Water vapour

Methane

Question 9

List 2 factors which determine a gas’ contribution to global warming

Answer 9

How abundant the gas is.

The type of bonds present in the molecule e.g. a double bond will adsorb more

Question 10

List 3 consequences of global warming

Answer 10

• Rising sea levels
• Unpredictable weather (crop yields)
• Climate change

Question 11

Describe a way to minimise climate change

Answer 11

CCS (carbon, capture, storage)

Capture the CO₂ before it gets into the atmosphere.

1. Bury it deep into the ocean or oil fields under ground.
2. Or react it with an alkali to make a solid rock

Question 12

Formula for the number of carbons in a compound when you’re given the M/Z.

Answer 12

Question 13

What makes an ester?

Answer 13

Acid + Alcohol → Ester