2D - Bonding and Structure definitions Flashcards
Ionic bonding
The electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
Colavent bond
The strong electrostatic force of sttraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of the bonded atoms
Lone pair
An outer shell pair of electrons that is not involved in chemical bonding
Dative covalent bond
A shared pair of electrons which has been provided by one of the bonding atoms only
The average bond enthalpy
The average enthalpy change that takes place when breaking by homolytic fission 1 mol of a given type of bond in the molecules of a gaseous species
Heterolytic fission
The breaking of a covalent bond with both of the bonded atoms going to each atom, forming a cation (positive ion) and an anion (negative ion)
Homolytic fission
The breaking of a covalent bond with one of the bonded electrons going to each atom, forming 2 radicals
Metallic bonding
The electrostatic force of attraction between positive metal ions and delocalised electrons
Malleable
You can shape it
Ductile
You can draw it through wires
Alloy
Purpose of them?
A mixture of metals
They’re a mixture of atoms of different sizes. It means that they can’t move as freely against each other (thus making them tougher)
Electronegativity
A measure of the attraction of a bonded atom for the pair of electrons in a covalent bond
Polar covalent bond
A covalent bond which has a permanent dipole
Polar molecule
A molecule which has a permanent dipole
Ion
A positively or negatively charged atom or a (covalently bonded) group of atoms (a polyatomic ion), where the number of electrons is different to the number of protons
Non-polar
With no charge seperation across a bond or in a molecule
Simple molecular lattice
A 3 dimensional structure of molecules, bonded together by weak intermolecular forces
Giant covalent lattice
A 3 dimensional structure of atoms, bonded together by strong covalent bonds
Giant ionic lattice
A 3 dimensional structure of positively charged ions, bonded together by strong ionic bonds
Giant metallic lattice
A 3 dimensional structure of positive ions and delocalised electrons, bonded together by strong metallic bonds
