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Italy > 4d > Flashcards

4d Flashcards

1
Q

When were the Liberal economic policies implemented

A

1922-26

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2
Q

What did the government debt shrink to in 1925 from 74.8% in 1922

A

50.6%

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3
Q

Between 1922-25, what did industrial production increase by

A

57%

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4
Q

When was the battle of the lira

A

1925

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5
Q

What did Mussolini set the new exchange rate to in Dec 1927

A

90 lira

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6
Q

What did grain production increase to from 5.5m tonnes

A

7m

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7
Q

When was the poor grain harvest

A

1924

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8
Q

What did the Italian currency increase to from 91.5 lira to the pound in 1922

A

144.9 lira in 1925

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9
Q

Who did Mussolini replace finance minister de Stefani with

A

Giuseppe Volpi

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10
Q

What % pay cuts were there

A

10%

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11
Q

What was the result of the battle for the lira

A

Goods became nearly twice as expensive, textile industry went into depression

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12
Q

When did unemployment treble

A

1926-28

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13
Q

During the battle for grain, what did grain imports decrease by

A

75%

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14
Q

When were the corporate State years

A

1926-43

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15
Q

What were the aims of liberal economic policies

A

Reduce massive budget deficit, make large cuts in spending, privatised government owned companies, introduced deregulation, reduced taxation to encourage business growth

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16
Q

What were the aims of the corporate state

A

Solve the problems of class conflict and industrial unrest, increase the extent of state intervention in the economy, control industry, maximise production for good of nation, help industries prosper, introduce policies that would secure his position in the long term

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17
Q

When was the charter of labour introduced

A

1927

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18
Q

When was the Palazzo Vidoni Pact between Confindustria and Rossoni’s Fascist trade unions depriving other unions of bargaining rights

A

1925

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19
Q

When was Rocco law which made strikes and lockouts illegal

A

April 1926

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20
Q

When was the Ministry of Corporations set up which firms even more under state control

A

July 1926

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21
Q

When were Fascist syndicates broken into 6 smaller federations for different areas of the economy

A

1928

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22
Q

When did Mussolini reorganise young ministers in to the ‘Ministry of all the talents’

A

1929

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23
Q

What sparked the depression of the 1930s

A

Wall Street Crash of 1929

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24
Q

When did spending on employment creation schemes Triple and how many jobs were created

A

Between 1929-34 and 240,000

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25
Q

How much social security spending account for of total state expenditure

A

21%

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26
Q

In 1939, how much shipbuilding did the IRI control, pig iron and steel production

A

90%, 75% and 45%

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27
Q

When did the Fascist state control 20% of Italian industry

A

1939

28
Q

What did unemployment increase to from 300,000

A

1.3m

29
Q

What did industrial production fall by

A

23%

30
Q

What did imports and exports drop by in 1936

A

A third

31
Q

What were the wage cuts for employees and farmers

A

12% and 25%

32
Q

When did the gold standard overvalue the currency at 60 lire to the pound

A

1936

33
Q

When was autarky announced

A

1936

34
Q

What were the aims of autarky

A

Self-sufficiency, nationalism and militarism

35
Q

What index did imports and exports increase to from 100 in 1922

A

Exports 162, imports 48

36
Q

What did Italy’s budget deficit increase to from 2bn between years 1934 and 1939

A

28bn

37
Q

In 1939, what did industrial production account for

A

20%

38
Q

How much did raw materials coal and steel increase by in price

A

Coal three times and steel twice

39
Q

What were the aims of Mussolini’s economic battles

A

Unify the nation, put his ideology into practice, achieve autarky

40
Q

What was the battle for grain

A

Make Italy self sufficient in grain

41
Q

What was the battle for land

A

Increase land available for cereal production

42
Q

What was the battle for lira

A

Fix lira, reduce inflation

43
Q

When was there a crisis for Italian agriculture

A

1925-35

44
Q

When was there massive land reclamation

A

1928

45
Q

When were laws passed on reclamation extending previous schemes

A

1923, 1928 and 1933

46
Q

What % did wheat production increase by

A

50%

47
Q

When was Italy almost self sufficient in cereals

A

1940

48
Q

For battle for land where we’re new towns built

A

Latina and Pontina

49
Q

What did Italy’s total livestock fall by

A

500,000

50
Q

In 1933 how many tonnes were imported

A

500m

51
Q

When did wheat imports fall by 75%

A

1925-35

52
Q

In 1928, what % of reclamation projects were completed and and how many irrigation schemes

A

58% and 1/3

53
Q

How many hectares were reclaimed between 1928-38

A

80,000

54
Q

How much land was reclaimed in north

A

3/4

55
Q

What did government cut wages by

A

20%

56
Q

When was the government forced to devalue the lira

A

1936

57
Q

How many families were receiving relief in the winter of 1934-35

A

1.75m

58
Q

When was the OND created and what was its membership in 1926, 1931 and 1939

A

1925 and 281,000, 1.7m and 3.8m

59
Q

When did personal consumption increase by 6%

A

1923-39

60
Q

When was there an annual rise in GNP of 1.2%

A

1939

61
Q

When did annual production increase by over 145% and was 20% above the level achieved in the immediate pre depression years

A

1939

62
Q

When did real wages for Italian workers fall by over 10%

A

1925-38

63
Q

When was a law introduced to break big estates and distribute them to peasants

A

1922

64
Q

When did personal consumption fall by 15%

A

1939-42

65
Q

What was military and Welfare spending

A

15bn and 6.7bn a year

Italy (21 decks)

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