4b Flashcards
What were aims of women in society
1919-offer a wider, more responsible role, means of distributing propaganda, increase Italy’s population from 37m in 1920 to 60m by 1950, make Italy great, provide soldiers
What were the aims of youth in society
Control all children in Fascist organisations, indoctrinate the young to become true Fascists, prepare Italians for war, make teachers loyal servants to the regime, Mussolini “must educate the youth to understand Fascism”
What were the aims of leisure activities in Fascist society
Shake Italians out of their smug ‘bourgeois mentality’, take more vigorous Fascist approach to life
When was the Battle for births introduced
1927
What was the ideal number of children per family
12
How much was raised from bachelors paying heavy taxes
230m
What % did women in university increase by
6% in 1914 to 15% in 1938
How many members of Fascist women were there
500,000
When did Fascist dominated Parliament five women the vote in local elections
1925
What did illiteracy rates in schools decrease by
1921 27%, 1931 21%, 1936 17%
What were the numbers of university students
1921 54,000 (declined until 1934) 1942 165,000
When did Mussolini order a purge of teachers and lecturers who did not support Fascism and when were teachers forced to join the PNF
1925 and 1933
When the Ministry of Education revised the curriculum to reflect Fascist values what fraction of textbooks were banned in 1926
1/3
When were all secondary children required to take an exam on achievements of Fascism
1937
How many members were there in the ONB youth movements set up in 1937
7m members of 8-21 year olds
How many estimated attended summer camps for two weeks
700,000
How many participants were there in the week long Campo Dux in Rome
Tens of thousands
When was the Dopolavoro set up
1925
What did the Dopolavoro set up
1,350 theatres, 2,000 dramatic societies, 3,000 brass bands, 8,000 libraries
What did membership increase from in the Dopolavoro
300,000 in 1926 to 2.4m in 1935 - 20% of industrial workforce and 7% peasantry
How much did written off loans to newly married couples cost the state
89m by 1939
How many births per 1,000 women of child-bearing age were there in 1936 and 1911
1911 147.5; 1936 102.7
When were women excluded from certain teaching jobs
1920s
When did the state impose a 10% tax on state jobs
1933
When was the total number of women working in Civil Service reduced to 10%
1938
When did the population increase to in 1940 and 1950
45m and 47.5m
What did attendance drop by in the first 4 years
100,000
When were 60% of northern youth members of Fascist organisations
1929
What was introduced in 1939 to link schools and PNF more closely
New School Charter
When was the Fascist salute a compulsory replacement for a handshake
1937
What were Italians told to stop using (polite) and start using (Italian)
lei and voi
When were 5/7 plays in Rome comedies or farces
1938
What were the aims between the Fascist regime and the Church
Compromise to gain good relations, gain support of Catholic followers
When did the Pope withdraw support from the Popolari
1923
When did the Church have active support of the state
1929 Lateran Agreements
What was agreed in the Lateran Agreements
Pope recognise Italian state and possession of Rome and old Papal States; return state recognised Pope’s control over Vatican City and received financial compensation of £30m
What established Catholicism as a state religion
Concordat
What did the Campo Dux meeting end with for the Duce in 1938
Prayer
When did the government attempt to suppress the Church by sponsoring Catholic Action
1931
What did senior clergy see Italian involvement in Ethiopian and Spanish wars as
Christian Crusades
When did tensions surface over anti-Semitism
1938
When was the Alliance between Catholicism and Fascism over
1939
How long was Mussolini in charge for
21 years
