1a Flashcards
When was the Risorgimento?
1859-70
When did Garibaldi and 1,000 Red Shirts invade Sicily and conquer it?
1859
When was the Kingdom of Italy established?
1861
Who described Italy by saying “leave them to themselves and they split into fragments”?
Luigi Bianchi
Who said “we have made Italy-now we must make Italians”?
Piedmontese Statesman D’Azeglio
What were truancy rates?
80%
What improvements in literacy rates were seen?
1901: 55%, 1906: 74%
What % of population was illiterate?
70%
What % Italy spoke Italian?
2%
Who described Italy as a “geographical expression”?
Austrian Statesman Metternich
What % could vote due to eligibility?
2%
When was free trade abandoned and major tariffs introduced?
1878 and 1887
What % of working population employed in agriculture?
60%
How much railway was built in 1870?
6,400km
What % of Italy’s imports were coal?
12%
What was steel and coal production in 1914?
Steel-less than 500,000 tonnes; coal 11.5m.
What % of population was illiterate in 1871?
88%
What % of Italy army were rejected to poor health?
38%
How many died from cholera, typhoid and malaria in 1884-86?
50,00; 27,000; 15,000
In 1861 how many bishops arrested?
66 bishops
In 1866 how many religious orders abandoned including marriage law and education?
25,000
When was Rome and other Papal states seized from the church?
1870
What did the Pope release in 1870?
Non-expedition
How much did the Pope get offered in compensation?
3.25m
What was social Catholicism?
Opera dei Congressi
What were the changes in national income between 1899-1907 and 1914?
38% then further 20%
What did industrial production grow by between 1899-1907?
7.1%
What did the economy grow by between 1899-1907?
3.4%
Who founded the Bank of England in 1893?
Gillette
Who described Italy as an “industrial take-off”?
Historian Gerschenkron
How many kW electricity was generated by HEP in 1898?
50,000
What did steel production increase from in 1900 to 1913?
140,000 to 930,000
What was the yield in the north and south?
North 1.3 tons per hectare and south 0.6
In 1914 how many people did the sugar refinery employ?
13,000
In 1912-13 what % people emigrated from south compared to in 1881?
44% and 27%
How many Italians leave
Italy for America?
600,000 a year
What year were more than half of South illiterate?
1911
What % illiterate in Calabria compared to national average of 38%?
70%
What was the infant mortality rate in 5 year olds?
40%
When did the budget for armed forces and navy double?
1907-13
When did the economy start to decline?
1908
