4910: C12

Question 1

adaptive thermogenesis

Answer 1

Energy expenditure above the thermic effect of food & REES, seen in response to over feeding, injury, hormonal changes, & cold environment.

Question 2

kilojoule

Answer 2

Measurement of energy, the amount of work required to move one kilogram 1 meter with the force of one newton.

Question 3

To convert height in inches to height in meters

Answer 3

inches x 0.0254 = meters

Question 4

lb to kg conversation

Answer 4

lb / 2.2 = kilograms

Question 5

Adverse health consequences of Overweight & Obesity

Answer 5

Type 2 Diabetes, HBP, Lipid Abnormalities, hepatobiliary disorders, cancers, reproductive disorders, premature death.

Question 6

Rick factors for NAFLD

Answer 6

central obesity, DM2, hyperlipidemia, metabolic syndrom

Question 7

When should phramacologic treatment be used for obesity?

Answer 7

BMI ≥ 30 or ≥ 27 if other risk factors exist.

Question 8

BMI at which surgery is called for

Answer 8

BMI ≥ 40, or BMI ≥ 35 & sleep apnea, CVD, or DM

Question 9

ascites

Answer 9

build up of fluid in the peritoneal cavity.

Question 10

Physical activity goals

Answer 10

150 minutes (2hours 30minutes) of moderate-intensity, or 75 minutes of vigorous

Question 11

BEE

Answer 11

Basal energy expenditure. Approx. 60%. Usually substitute REE or RMR which are approx. 10% higher than BEE

Question 12

PA

Answer 12

physical activity - most variable

Question 13

TEF

Answer 13

thermic effect of food. Approx. 10%

Question 14

TEE

Answer 14

Total Energy Expenditure. BEE + PA + TEF = TEE

Question 15

Resting Energy Expenditure

Answer 15

The energy necessary to sustain life & organ function, accounts for approx. 60% to 75% of energy expenditure per day. Is roughly 1kcal/kg body wt/hr.

Question 16

Factors that affect REE

Answer 16

Lean body mass, male gender, body temp, age, energy restriction, genetics & endocrine system/hormonal influence

Question 17

Indirect calorimetry

Answer 17

Measures O2 consumption, CO2 production and minute ventilation (MV) to determine energy needs.

Question 18

Harris Benedict Equation (REE)

Answer 18

Derived from healthy adults, calculates REE, additional stress & activity factors added.

Question 19

The quick easy way to determine kcal/day

Answer 19

20 to 25 kcal/kilo. 25 to 30 kcal/kilo if stressed, illness, OR Current weight(lb) x 10 kcal/lb, the account for METS

Question 20

Harris Benedict Equation stress/PA factor

Answer 20

REE x 1.1-1.2 for activity or x 1.1-1.5 for illness or stress.

Question 21

Harris Benedict Equations

Answer 21

Males: 66 + [13.7 x wt(kg)] + [5 x ht(cm)] - [6.8 x A] = kcal/day. Females: 655 + [9.7 x wt(kg)] + [1.8 x ht(cm)] - [4.7 x A] = kcal/day.

Question 22

Mifflin St. Jeor

Answer 22

Best predictor for healthy overweight or obese (non critically ill). Males: 10W(kg) + 6.25H(cm) - 5A +5. Females: 10W + 6.25H - 5A -161.

Question 23

calories per minute

Answer 23

Cal/hr/60 = cal/min

Question 24

Calories burned equation

Answer 24

Cal/min x # of min of activity = cal burned.

Question 25

METS

Answer 25

exercise metabolic rate x wt(kg) - cal/hr

Question 26

DRI

Answer 26

Average dietary energy intake that is predicted to maintain energy balance in a healthy person of a defined age, gender, weight, height & PA consistent with good health.

Question 27

EER for mechanically ventilated obese adults

Answer 27

Penn State University equation in critically ill mechanically ventilated adults w/ obesity who are less than 60, if older than 60 the PSU(2010) equation should be used

Question 28

Hormones affecting appetite & food intake

Answer 28

Insulin, glucagon, amylin, CCK, glucagon like peptide-1, Peptide YY, Ghrelin

Question 29

Two compartment model of body composition

Answer 29

fat mass vs fat free mass. Variety of methods to assess

Question 30

Physiological Consequences of Obesity

Answer 30

DM, HBP, lipid abnormalities, hepatobiliary disorders, cancers, reproductive disorders, premature death

Question 31

Outcome measures for interventions

Answer 31

wt, biochemical labs, self-image

Question 32

Treatment of Overweight and Obesity

Answer 32

General guidelines for medical management: diet, PA, behavioral therapy. For some pharmacologic, bariatric surgery

Question 33

Medical complications of weight loss

Answer 33

Heart disease, hypoglycemia, hyperuricemia, cholecystitis, low BP, NAFLD

Question 34

Cause of HD in weight loss

Answer 34

electrolyte abnormalities - arrhythmias. Catabolism of heart - changes in QT interval. hypokalemia.

Question 35

Cause of hyperuricemia in wt loss

Answer 35

Ketones compete with uric acid within the kidney tubules - during rapid wt loss - increased risk of increased levels of uric acid.

Question 36

Cause of cholecystitis in wt loss

Answer 36

The sudden decrease in fat intake results in saturation of bile & chol - with poor contraction of gb - increased risk of cholecystitis.