46&47: Renal Problems Flashcards
How can NSAIDs contribute to acute kidney injury?
- NSAIDs block prostaglandin synthesis
- PGE2 is vasodilatory
- Result in: renal vasoconstriction, dec. renal blood flow, dec GFR
What are pyuria and proteinuria suggestive of?
Inflammation (commonly due to infection)
Recreational drug use is associated with _____
Glomerulonephritis
What kind of anaemia would you expect to see in chronic kidney disease?
Normocytic normochromic
What is the triad associated with nephrotic syndrome?
- Heavy proteinuria
- Hypoalbuminaemia
- Peripheral oedema
What is the main difference between nephrotic and nephritic syndrome?
- Nephrotic involves a large loss of protein
- Nephritic involves a large loss of blood
What are histological features of a normal glomerulus?
- Open capillary loops
- Open bowman’s space and capsule
What are crescents?
- Non specific response to injury of capillary wall
- Gaps in the filtration barrier allow cells and inflammatory mediators to enter Bowman’s space
- Cause inflammation and fibrosis
What is goodpastures syndrome?
- Autoimmune disease
- Antibodies attack BM in lungs and kidneys
How do you treat goodpasture’s disease?
- Prednisone
- Cyclophosphamide
- Plasma exchange
What are the 2 most common environmental risk factors for hypertension?
- Raised BMI
- Raised sodium intake of >100mmol/L
What are some causes of resistant hypertension?
- Suboptimal therapy
- non compliance
- Competing drug
- White coat HT
- Secondary HT
What are risk factors for urinary tract infection?
- Recent sexual intercourse
- Recent spermicide use
- Treatment of UTI
Why is risk of bacteriuria higher in pregnancy?
Smooth muscle relaxation and dilatation
What does bacteriuria inc. risk of in pregnant women?
- Pre term birth
- Low birth weight
- Perinatal mortality
