33: Cardiovascular Regulation

Question 1

ECF can be divided into ___ and ___

Answer 1

Interstitial fluid and plasma

Question 2

How does water move between cells and ISF vs ISF and plasma?

Answer 2

• Cells and ISF driven by osmotic gradients

- ISF and plasma by hydrostatic + osmotic gradients

Question 3

Osmoreceptors sense changes in ____ by altering their ____

Answer 3

Changes in effective plasma osmolality by altering their volume

Question 4

Cardiac receptors are located in ____ and sense ____

Answer 4

• Located throughout atrial and ventricular chambers

- Sense state of cardiac filling

Question 5

Reduced cardiac receptor firing causes:

• ____ sympathetic outflow to heart and vessels
• ___ cardiac vagal activity and
• ____ catecholamine secretion by the adrenal medulla

Answer 5

• Increased
• Decreased
• Increased

Question 6

What are the integrated cardiovascular responses to loss of blood volume?

Answer 6

• Fluid shift from ISF to plasma
• Restoration of ECF volume
• Restoration of red cells and blood constituents

Question 7

What are the 3 stages of blood volume loss?

Answer 7

• Non hypotensive haemorrhage
• Hypotensive haemorrhage
• Extreme blood loss

Question 8

Which receptors significantly decrease in firing in non hypotensive haemorrhage?

Answer 8

Cardiac receptors

Question 9

Alterations in posture are arguably the exact same as in ____ haemorrhage

Answer 9

Non hypotensive

Question 10

Systemic arterial baroreceptors are important in maintaining arterial pressure in the short/long term

Answer 10

Short