45. Elements of organogenesis. Derivatives of germ layers.

Question 1

Derivatives of germ layers

Answer 1

Endoderm:

-Epithelium of alimentary canal and major salivary glands
-Respiratory tract epithelium (trachea, bronchi, alveoli)
-Liver, pancreas
-Urinary bladder epithelium and 2/3 of urethra
-Endocrine glands (thyroid, parathyroid, islets of Langerhans, thymus)

Mesoderm:
-Skeletal and cardiac muscle tissue
-Kidneys, kidney tubules, calyces, pelvis
-Reproductive system
-Epithelium of peritoneal, pleural, pericardial cavities

Ectoderm:
-Skin epidermis (hair, nails, glands)
-Oral and nasal cavity epithelium
-Tooth enamel
-Nervous tissue
-Endocrine glands (adenohypophysis, pinealocytes, adrenal medulla)
-Eye lenses, retina, iris muscles

Mesenchyme:
-All connective tissue types
-Blood and blood-forming tissue
-Smooth muscle tissue
-Vascular endothelium
-Microglia