34. Transplantations. Types of transplants and immunological basis of transplantation.

Question 1

Types of Transplantation

Answer 1

1. Isograft (Singraft, Syngeneic Graft):
   Between individuals with the same genotype (identical twins).
2. Autograft:
   Within the same organism (e.g., skin, bone marrow).
3. Allograft (Homograft):
   Between individuals of the same species with different genotypes.
   Common grafts: kidney, pancreas, heart, skin, cornea, bone marrow, liver, blood.
4. Xenohraph (Heterograft)
   Between different species (e.g., pig heart valve to humans).

Question 2

Other classifications of grafts

Answer 2

Based on Anatomical Site:

-Orthotopic: Placed in normal anatomical sites (e.g., skin grafts).
-Heterotopic: Placed in abnormal anatomical sites (e.g., thyroid tissue in a subcutaneous pocket).

Based on Material:
-Live Grafts: Living tissue expected to survive and function (e.g., kidney, heart; also called vital grafts).
-Nonliving Grafts: Provide structural support for new tissue (e.g., bone, artery; also called static or structural grafts).