4.4 - Lab - Hematopoiesis Flashcards
Ground Substance of blood
= plasma
- largely water based
- contains carrier proteins (albumin) + clotting proteins (fibrinogen) + antibodies
- fibrinogen can generate a fiberous component
What is serum
plasma with clotting proteins removed
How do you prepare a blood smear
1) drop of blood place on glass slide
2) spread over surface
3) done
Common stains for blood in blood smears
1) Hematoxylin
2) Eosin
3) Azure stain (blue stain) - helps to distinguish various intracellular components
Where are cells of the blood normally born
bone marrow
What types of cells are normally confined to the circulation?
Erthrocytes + platelets
What types of cells can leave the circulation by passing through endothelial lining?
Leukocytes
What types of cells spend majority of time in circulation and only rarely leave
basophils
What cells leave so quickly they usually are not considered with the leukocytes
mast cells
what cells spend time both in circulation and connective tissue
neutrophils
Describe some cells that change to carry out their functions
1) Monocytes (blood) –> Macrophages (in tissue)
2) B Lymphocytes (blood and tissue) –> “activated” become plasma cells
7 types of cells in blood smear
1) Erythrocyte (RBC; Normocyte)
2) Platelet
3) Lymphocytes
4) Monocytes
5) Neutrophils
6) Eosinophils
7) Basophils
3-7 = leukocytes, contain nuclei 1-2 = do not contain nuclei
What cells commonly seen in a blood smear do not contain nuclei
- RBCs
2. Platelets
What are the five types of Leukocytes seen in a blood smear
- lymphocytes
- monocytes
- Neutrophils
- eosinophils
- basophils
Describe the prevalence of the different leukocytes in a typical blood smear
Never Let Monkey Eat Bananas NLMEB Neutrophils ~ 60% Lymphocytes ~ 30% Monocytes ~ 5% Eosinophils ~ 2% Basophils ~ 0.5%
What is a buffy coat?
- in freshly centrifuged blood the white blood cells form a whitish layer above the RBCs
What type of cells are collectively termed granulocytes and what do they have in common?
- Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils (Never Eat Bananas)
- they all have granules (where as the other 2 types don’t)
What is a flow cytometry machine
sorts cells to prepare a complete blood count
What is the corpus luteum
= Cells of ovarian follicle after ovulation
- site of naturally occuring blood clot in the body
- composed of endocrine cells = steroid hormone producing cells
what is the corpus albicans
Scar resulting from an ovulated ovarian follicle
What is plasmodium falciparum
the parasite that is responsible for the most fatal form of malaria (malaria is caused by a parasitic infection of the blood)
what is crenulation
- formation of a star-shaped edge on a RBC
- commonly occurs when blood is exposed to a hypertonic solution
What is en rouleaux
- a clumping together of RBCs into a type of packing that looks like a roll of Life Savers Candy
- occurs when the proteins of the RBCs see higher-than-normal concentrations of plasma proteins
What are the “resident” cells of CT
Fibroblast (although this cell is not entirely non-motile)
unilocular adipocyte
multilocular adipocyte
What are the “motile” cells of CT
- cells derived from hematopoietic precursors
- move among the fibers of CT as part of their normal functioning (NLMEB)
6 typical motile cells
1) Plasma cell (mature b-cell)
2) Lymphocyte
3) Macrophage (mature monocyte)
4) Neutrophil
5) Eosinophil
6) Mast Cell
What are the distinguishing features ( in H&E) of the plasma cell?
- “clock face” nucleus
- basophilic cytoplasm
- cytocentrum (location of Golgi apparatus)
What are the distinguishing features (in H&E) of the lymphocyte?
- Heterochromatic nucleus
- high nucleus/cytoplasm ratio
What are the distinguishing features (in H&E) of the macrophage?
- euchromatic nucleus
- inclusions (evidence of phagocytic activity
What are the distinguishing features (in H&E) of the neutrophil?
- lobed nucleus
- “smooth” cytoplasm
What are the distinguishing features (in H&E) of the Eosinophil?
- lobed nucleus
- intensely stained, granular cytoplasm
What are the distinguishing features (in H&E) of the mast cell?
- round nucleus
- intensely stained, granular cytoplasm
