4.3 The impact of the Montgomery bus boycott victory Flashcards

1
Q

Former NAACP local secretary

A

Rosa Parks, refused to move when bus driver demanded that she gives up her seat for yt man.

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2
Q

E.D Nixon union leader, presd of Alabama’s NAACP=

A

Organizer of Montogomery bus boycott

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3
Q

King to break the back of seg, king mobilized the

A

B.A peasantry in the south. He appealed to their deeply held Christian faith by promising brotherhood with yts, not retribution. Jesus’ weapon of love.

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4
Q

3 objectives

A

Direct bus drivers to treat black Americans riders courteously

Make seating available on first come first serve basis

Hire black bus drivers for black routes.

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5
Q

Boycott lasted for

A

380 days, observing the rules of nonviolent protests and media attention grew in that time

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6
Q

In 1956, SC ruled against

A

seg on buses in Browder V Gayle

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7
Q

21st Dec 1956, Montgomery

A

Desegrated their buses.

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8
Q

Why? Longer term causes:

A

✔ Impact of WW2 – greater consciousness of inequalities. Rosa Parks member of NAACP since 1943

✔ Inspired by NAACP worker Ella Baker.

✔ Groups ben challenging bus seg for previous 10 years. Boycotts not new e.g., boycotts pf streetcars though south 1900-06. Louisiana – boycott changed rules to a first come, first served basis.

✔ (Influence of CORE. Organized bus boycotts, in NY in 1940s)

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9
Q

Shorter Term causes:

A

✔ Brown decision 1954 – confidence to challenge other aspects of segregation.

✔ NAACP wanted to challenge regulations – looking for good cases – rosa parks came through

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10
Q

Trigger

A

Dec 1955, rosa parks and 3 other black passengers told to move so yt passengers can sit. She refused, arrested, charged w violating bus regulations, fined $10

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11
Q

What does the Montgomery Bus Boycott tell us about… Importance of campaigns

A

Importance of campaigns

NAACP had planned the boycott, selected Rosa Parkes. With MIA, brought case to Supreme Court (Browder v Gayle). Reinforced NAACP’s role of using courts to challenge and win rights.

Inspired more links between N & S B.A and whites.

Inspired other boycotts in 20 southern cities.

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12
Q

What does the Montgomery Bus Boycott tell us about… Importance of individuals – Rosa Parkes

A

Arrested for refusing to move from her seat.

See above for reasons why Parks was ‘chosen’ by the NAACP.

Personalised the issue.

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13
Q

What does the Montgomery Bus Boycott tell us about… Launched Martin Luther King as a national Civil Rights figure

A

Newly appointed minister of Dexter Avenue Baptist Church

Great speaker. Non-violent (supporter of Gandhi)

SCLC set up in 1957 (Southern Christian Leadership Conference)

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14
Q

What does the Montgomery Bus Boycott tell us about… Significance of economic pressure leading to change

A

Bus companies soon losing out due to no black passengers. OVER 75% of riders were black, + 90% of those joined the boycott, = crippling bus companies

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15
Q

What does the Montgomery Bus Boycott tell us about… Importance of mass movement to bring about change.

A

MIA set up. Organised car pools.

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16
Q

What does the Montgomery Bus Boycott tell us about… Significance of the Supreme Court

A

Upheld the Federal District Court’s decision that segregation on buses was unconstitutional.

17
Q

What does the Montgomery Bus Boycott tell us about… Importance of media attention to effect change

A

Became National news.

Won support in other areas. E.g. northerners organised collections.

18
Q

What does the Montgomery Bus Boycott tell us about… White backlash

A

White backlash

Opposition to the boycott

White Citizen’s Council – membership doubled to 12,000 by March ’56. Members included city officials. Used Alabama’s anti-boycott law = mass indictments. King tried and found guilty.

1957 four black churches in Montgomery and King’s house were bombed. KKK members responsible7 arrested. KKK sent 40 carloads of hooded members through black areas, but population waved back. Shows confidence

Coul be seen to be deepening the racial divide – black American lost job, pro-seg were elected, firebombs used against MLK’s Home and snipers used against riders