Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Z Sociology Tallu > 4.3 - Realist Theories on Crime > Flashcards

4.3 - Realist Theories on Crime Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

General RR view on Crime

A

Share NR views & 0 tolerance on crime, threatens SS & work ethic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

General LR view on Crime

A

Reformists & want =

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

RR - Attiudes to Other Theories

A

Failed to solve problem of crime to sympathetic to criminal & hostile of police & courts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

RR - Practical Solutions

A

> Control & punishment

> Not rehabilitation or fixing poverty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

RR - View on Causes of Crime

A

> Not due to poverty or eco factors

> But due to biological diff, poor socialisation & underclass, rational choice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

RR view on Crime - (KS)

A

> Wilson & Hernstein (Biological Differences)

> Murray (Underclass)

> Clarke (Rational Choice Theory)

> Felson (Routine Activity Theory)

> Wilson & Kelling (0 Tolerance - Solutions to Crime)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Wilson & Hernstein - Biological Differences (RR)

A

> Some are innately predetermined to do crime in their DNA

> Programmed to be very aggressive & dumb - + likely to do crime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Lilly - Criticisms of Wilson & Herrnstein

A

Intelligence diff account for only 3% of diff in offending

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Underclass - Murray (RR)

A

> NF undermined by welfare state, leading to + of LPF underclass w/ inadequate socialisation

> Lack M role models & discipline, key values not taught

> Boys join gangs to get status through crime > supporting families

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Rational Choice Theory - Clarke (RR)

A

> Have FW & choice 2 do crime, if + of doing crime > - + likely to offend

> Current costs of crime are -, so crime has +

> Need for 0 tolerance approach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

General Criticisms of Clarke

A

> How can criminals be rational actors, but behaviour due to biology & socialisation

> Overexaggerates extent criminals make +/- calculations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Felson - Routine Activity Theory (RR)

A

> Crime caused by motivated offender, suitable target & absence of police & neighbour

> D’s act rationally so P&N likely to deter them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

General Criticisms of RR

A

> Short-sighted ignores wider structural causes e.g. poverty

> Doesn’t explain violent or impulsive crimes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Wilson & Kelling - 0 Tolerance - Solutions to Crime (RR)

A

> Keep areas orderly so crime don’t take over, graffiti & vandalism needs immediate action

> Police control streets stop drunks & beggars, so law-abiding ppl feel safe

>

  • of fines & prison sentences as deterrent.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

General Criticisms of 0 Tolerance

A

> Allow police to discriminate vs EM, youth & homeless

> Ignores CC & leads to displacement of crime in other areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Young - 0 Tolerance as Urban Myth (RR)

A

> Crime already - from 1985 0 correlation vs 0 tol & -of crime

> Police use arrests to justify existence, artificially + NO of arrests for minor things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How is LR similar to Marxism?

A

Unequal society root of crime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How is LR different to Marxism?

A

> Gradual change is needed > violent overthrow of capitalism

> Marx concentrate on crime of UC, but neglect WC crime & effects

19
Q

LR criticisms of NM

A

Romanticise WC criminals as having political motive, but mostly do crime vs other WC

20
Q

LR criticisms of LT

A

See criminals as V of labelling, neglects real V’s

21
Q

2 Aspects of General LR view on Crime

A

> Main V’s are disadv groups

> Real + in crime

22
Q

Main V’s are disadv groups - General LR view on Crime

A

> WC, EM, F + likely to be victimised & police don’t deal w/ crime vs them seriously e.g. Rape or DV

23
Q

Real + in crime (Aetiological Crisis) - General LR view on Crime

A

> Crisis of explanation e.g. LT sees + of crime as SC & illusion

> LR say + is too gr8 4 this & real

24
Q

LR - 3 Causes of Crime

A

> Relative Deprivation
Subculture
Marginalisation

25
Q

LR - Causes of Crime (KS)

A

> Lea (RD)

> Young (Lethal Combination of RD & Individualism & Subcultures)

> Lea & Young (Marginalisation)

> Young (Late Modernity & Worsening of WC Crime & Changes to Crime)

26
Q

Define Relative Deprivation

A

How deprived someone feels in relation to others

27
Q

Lea (Relative Deprivation) - Causes of Crime

A

> Feel ppl unfairly have + do crime to get what they’re entitled to

> Enhanced by media/advertising

> Pressure 4 material possessions = crime 4 ppl unable 2 get it.

28
Q

Young (Lethal Combination of RD & Individualism) - Causes of Crime

A

> Focus on self-gain @ expense of others

> Causes disintegration of families undermines values of support & selflessness

> Weakens informal controls, leads to ASB & Crime

29
Q

LR - Definition of Subculture

A

Groups collective solution to problem of RD

30
Q

Young (Subcultures) - Causes of Crime

A

> Diff subculture have pos+ solutions to RD

> Criminal subcultures still focus on materialism & consumerism

> Gangs in US focused on AD & items e.g. Gucci etc - can’t get it legit leds 2 street crime.

31
Q

Lea & Young (Marginalisation) - Causes of Crime

A

> Unlike groups e.g. workers, unemployed youths are marginalised

> No organisations to rep them & no goals, due to no political means e.g. TU to express frustration

> So do this by alt means e.g. violence

32
Q

Young - Late Modernity & Worsening of WC Crime

A

> Due to harsher welfare polices + unemployment & poverty

> Contrast to GA of capitalism w/- divorce & crime rates

> Now unstable family & community life, weakening informal controls

33
Q

Young - Changes to Crime in Late Modernity

A

> Crime widespread not just WC, anger towards footballers seen as getting undeserved rewards

> Now RD ↓ e.g. MC resentment vs WC as scroungers, so + hate crime e.g. v asylum seekers

> Lack of consensus over ❌& ✔️+ informal controls ineffective

34
Q

LR - Solution to Crime

A

> Democratic Policing

> Reducing Inequality

35
Q

LR - Solution to Crime (KS)

A

> Lea & Young (Democratic Policing)

> Young (Criticisms of New Labour)

36
Q

Lea & Young (Democratic Policing) - LR Solution to Crime

A

> Police rely on info of ppl but losing support

> Use military policing swamping areas
alienates communities see police as victimising youth

> To win support, need 2 involve ppl in deciding police use multi-agency approach e.g. schools & social services

37
Q

LR - Reducing Inequality

A

> Main solution is to tackle discrimination, inequality in opportunities, improve housing.

> Be + tolerant of diversity stop seeing certain groups as criminal

38
Q

Similarities vs LR & Gov Policy

A

> New Labour focused on being tough on crime & it’s causes = to LR

> e.g. firmer policing approach on DV, ASB & new deal offered to unemployed youth

39
Q

Young - Criticisms of New Labour

A

> Policies are nostalgic attempts to recreate conditions of GA in 50’s

> Criticises record of gov’s only focused on addressing symptoms e.g ASB

> Only been tough on crime & not on causes

40
Q

A03 - Criticisms of LR (KS)

A

> Henry & Milanovich

> Interactionists

41
Q

Henry & Milanovich - Criticisms of LR

A

Accepts gov’s def of crime as street crime by poor + focus need on CC

42
Q

Interactionists - Criticisms of LR

A

Focused only on OS, doesn’t look @ offender’s motives

43
Q

General Criticisms of LR

A

> Not all experiencing RD do crime

> Focus on high crime inner city areas makes it appear greater issue

Z Sociology Tallu (36 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions