4.2.2: Classification And Evolution

Question 1

What are the three types of adaptations?

Answer 1

Anatomical, physiological, behavioural

Adaptations are traits that enhance survival and reproduction in specific environments.

Question 2

Define anatomical adaptations.

Answer 2

Internal or external physical features

Example: Spikes on a hedgehog.

Question 3

Define physiological adaptations.

Answer 3

Processes that take place within an organism

Example: Hedgehogs hibernating and slowing their metabolic reactions in winter.

Question 4

Define behavioural adaptations.

Answer 4

Changes in the ways organisms act

Example: Hedgehogs curl up when in danger.

Question 5

What is an example of discontinuous variation?

Answer 5

Blood group

Discontinuous variation refers to traits that fall into distinct categories.

Question 6

What is convergent evolution?

Answer 6

Different species evolve similar traits due to similar selection pressures

Example: Marsupial mole and placental mole.

Question 7

What can lead to organisms from different taxonomic groups having similar adaptations?

Answer 7

Exposure to similar environmental conditions

This can result in natural selection for similar alleles.

Question 8

How long ago did the marsupial and placental mole evolve from a common ancestor?

Answer 8

Over 100 million years ago

Despite geographic separation, similar environments led to similar adaptations.

Question 9

Fill in the blank: Adaptations can be classified as ______, physiological, or behavioural.

Answer 9

anatomical