4.2.2: Classification And Evolution

Question 1

What is the Binomial Naming System?

Answer 1

A system where organisms are named by their genus and species, e.g. Homo sapiens.

This system is universal to avoid confusion in species naming across different countries.

Question 2

What are the five kingdoms in the Linnaeus classification hierarchy?

Answer 2

• Prokaryotae
• Protoctista
• Fungi
• Plantae
• Animalia

Kingdom is the second largest taxon in this classification system.

Question 3

What are the characteristics of Prokaryotae?

Answer 3

Unicellular, no membrane-bound organelles, small ribosomes, a ring of DNA without associated proteins, and absorbs nutrients across its surface.

Prokaryotae may also photosynthesize.

Question 4

What defines Protoctista?

Answer 4

Unicellular, has a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, may have chloroplasts, and absorbs nutrients via photosynthesis, ingestion, or parasitism.

Some protoctists have cilia or flagella for movement.

Question 5

What are the characteristics of Fungi?

Answer 5

Can be unicellular or multicellular, have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, no chloroplasts, and absorb nutrients from dead matter.

Fungi are saprobionts and store food as glycogen.

Question 6

What defines Plantae?

Answer 6

Multicellular, have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, have chloroplasts, and absorb nutrients by photosynthesis.

Food is stored as starch in Plantae.

Question 7

What are the characteristics of Animalia?

Answer 7

Multicellular, have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, no chloroplasts, and can move using cilia, flagella, or muscles.

Nutrients are obtained by ingestion and food can be stored as glycogen.