4.2.2: Classification And Evolution Flashcards
What is the phylogenetic system used for?
It is used to classify species according to their evolutionary relationships and origins.
Define phylogeny.
The study of the evolutionary origins of groups of organisms.
What do phylogenetic trees represent?
They show the evolutionary relationships and common ancestors of species.
What is indicated by each branch point in a phylogenetic tree?
The common ancestor a species evolved from.
What methods are used to create phylogenetic trees?
Examining physical characteristics, genetic make-up, and fossils.
What is natural selection?
The process that leads to evolution.
Who proposed the theory of natural selection in 1858?
Alfred Russel Wallace.
What did Darwin observe about finches on the Galapagos Islands?
Different finches had varying beak shapes and sizes based on the food sources available.
What conclusion did Darwin reach about the survival of finches?
Finches with beaks suitable for the food source were more likely to survive and reproduce.
What significant work did Darwin publish in 1856?
‘On the Origin of Species.’
Fill in the blank: All organisms have evolved from shared _______.
common ancestors.
True or False: Phylogeny only considers genetic makeup and not physical characteristics.
False.
List two species mentioned in the context of phylogenetic classification.
- Mesocricetus auratus
- Cricetulus griseus
What was the role of the HMS Beagle in Darwin’s studies?
Darwin conducted his studies into natural selection while aboard the ship.
Who collaborated with Darwin to publish ideas on natural selection?
Alfred Russel Wallace.
What is the importance of fossils in phylogeny?
Fossils are used to determine evolutionary relationships and origins.
