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Psychology > 4.2.1-13 mental health > Flashcards

4.2.1-13 mental health Flashcards

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1
Q

mental health

A

a state of wellbeing in which the individual realises his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully and is able to make a contribution to his or her own community

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2
Q

mental health problem

A

adversely affects the way a person thinks, feels and/or behaves, but typically to a lesser extent and of a shorter duration than a mental disorder

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3
Q

mental disorder / illness

A

mental health state that involves a combination of thoughts, feelings and/or behaviours which are usually associated with significant personal distress and impair the ability to function effectively in everyday life

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4
Q

characteristics of a mental disorder / illness

A

clinically diagnosable dysfunction in thoughts, feelings and/or behaviours
causes personal distress or disability functioning in daily life
actions and reactions are atypical of the person

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5
Q

internal factors

A

influences that originate inside or within a person

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6
Q

external factors

A

factors that originate outside a person

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7
Q

biopsychosocial model

A

way of describing and explaining how biological, psychological and social factors combine and interact to influence a person’s mental health; holistic view of mental health

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8
Q

characteristics of a mentally healthy person

A 
interpersonal relationships: get along
school and work setting: productive
leisure/recreational activities: hobbies
daily living skills: self-care
cognitive skills: planning
emotions: regulation
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9
Q

wellbeing

A

our sense of ‘wellness’ or how we feel about ourselves and our lives

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10
Q

social wellbeing

A

the ability to have satisfying relationships and interactions with others

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11
Q

emotional wellbeing

A

ability to control emotions and express them appropriately and comfortably

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12
Q

resilience

A

ability to cope with and adapt well to life stressors and restore positive functioning; ‘bouncing back’ form adversity or difficult experiences that are stressors and restoring positive functioning

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13
Q

placebo treatments

A

commonly used in research studies to determine the efficacy (effectiveness) of a new or improved medication or other treatment

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14
Q

4P factor model

A

4 types of influences that contribute to the development and progression of mental health disorders:
predisposing, precipitating, perpetuating, protective

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15
Q

predisposing risk factors

A

increases susceptibility to a specific mental disorder; e.g. family history

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16
Q

precipitating risk factors

A

increases susceptibility to and contributes to the occurrence of a specific mental disorder; e.g. major stressor

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17
Q

perpetuating risk factors

A

maintains the occurrence of a specific mental disorder and inhibits recovery; causing a persons symptoms to continue or progressively worsen; e.g. continuing substance abuse

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18
Q

protective factors

A

reduces or prevents the occurrence or recurrence of a mental disorder; e.g. good health and fitness

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19
Q

biological risk factors

A

genetic vulnerability
poor response to medication due to genetic factors
poor sleep
substance abuse

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20
Q

psychological risk factors

A

rumination
impaired reasoning and memory
stress
poor self-efficacy

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21
Q

rumination

A

repeatedly thinking about or dwelling on undesirable thought sand feelings without acting to change them

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22
Q

reasoning

A

involves goal-directed thinking in which inferences are made or conclusions are drawn from known or assumed facts or pieces of information

23
Q

probabilistic reasoning

A

involves making judgements related to probability; the likelihood of something happening or being true

24
Q

self-efficacy

A

an individuals belief in their capacity to execute behaviours necessary to succeed in a specific situation or accomplish a specific task

25
Q

social risk factors

A

disorganised attachment
loss of a significant relationship
role of stigma as a barrier to accessing treatment

26
Q

stigma

A

a mark or sign of shame, disgrace or disapproval typically associated with a particular characteristic or attribute that sets a person apart

27
Q

cumulative risk

A

aggregate (‘cumulative’) risk to mental health from the combined effects of exposure to multiple biological, psychological and/or social factors

28
Q

stress

A

state of physiological and psychological arousal produced by internal and external stressors that are perceived by the individual as challenging or exceeding their ability or resources to cope

29
Q

anxiety

A

state of physiological arousal associated with feelings of apprehension, worry or uneasiness that something is wrong or something unpleasant is about to happen

30
Q

phobia

A

characterised by excessive or unreasonable fear of a particular object or situation

31
Q

specific phobia

A

disorder characterised by marked fear or anxiety about a specific object or situation, often leading to avoidance from childhood

32
Q

5 categories of specific phobia

A 
animal
situational
natural environment
blood-injection-injury
other phobias
33
Q

contributing biological factors to a specific phobia

A

GABA dysfunction
role of stress response
long-term potentiation

34
Q

GABA dysfunction

A

primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS; works throughout the brain to make postsynaptic neurons less likely to be activated; acts as a calming agent to the excitatory neurotransmitters that lead to anxiety

35
Q

long term potentiation

A

strengthens synaptic connections in the neural pathway formed during learning process; enhanced and more effective synaptic transmission; can neurologically strengthen the association between a phobic stimulus and a fear or anxiety response

36
Q

contributing psychological factors to a specific phobia

A

classical and operant conditioning

cognitive bias

37
Q

cognitive bias

A

tendency to think in a way that involves errors of judgement and faulty decision-making; habitual ways of thinking

38
Q

catastrophic thinking

A

overestimating, exaggerating or magnifying an object or situation and predicting the worst possible outcome

39
Q

contributing social factors to a specific phobia

A

specific environmental triggers

stigma around seeking treatment

40
Q

biological interventions for a specific phobia

A

benzodiazepine agents
relaxation techniques
exercise

41
Q

use of benzodiazepine agents

A

GABA agonist; stimulate GABA activity to block anxiety and worry firing

42
Q

psychological interventions for a specific phobia

A

cognitive behavioural therapy

systematic desensitisation

43
Q

cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)

A

develop a new understanding that their feared stimuli are not dangerous, so their avoidance and safety strategies are unnecessary and unhelpful
change thought processes

44
Q

systematic desensitisation

A

replace anxiety response with a relaxation response; slowly introduce dear stimulus

45
Q

social interventions for a specific phobia

A

psycheducation

46
Q

psychoeducation

A

provision and explanation of information about a mental disorder to individuals diagnosed to increase knowledge and understanding; diagnosis, stimuli, impacts, stigma

47
Q

factors to maintain and improve mental health

A

biological: diet, sleep
psychological: CBT
social: support

48
Q

transtheoretical model of behaviour change

A

describes and explains how people intentionally change their behaviour to achieve a health-related goal

49
Q

stages of the transtheoretical model of behaviour change

A 
pre-contemplation
contemplation
preparation
action
maintenance
50
Q

transtheoretical model of behaviour change: pre-contemplation

A

not ready for change; has no intention to take action in next 6 months

51
Q

transtheoretical model of behaviour change: contemplation

A

getting ready for change; intends to take action within next 6 months

52
Q

transtheoretical model of behaviour change: preparation

A

ready for change; intends to take action within next 30 days and has taken some behavioural steps

53
Q

transtheoretical model of behaviour change: action

A

making change; has changed overt behaviour for less than 6 months

54
Q

transtheoretical model of behaviour change: maintenance

A

maintaining the change; has changed overt behaviour for more than 6 months

Psychology (8 decks)

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