3.2.7-8 process of memory

Question 1

memory encoding

Answer 1

converting information to a usable form

Question 2

memory storage

Answer 2

retaining information in memory

Question 3

memory retrieval

Answer 3

information recovered from memory when needed

Question 4

atkinson-shiffrin multi-storey model of memory

Answer 4

describes memory as consisting of 3 distinguishable kinds of memory

Question 5

sensory memory

Answer 5

initial stage of the memory in which all of the stimuli that bombard our senses are retained in their original form for a very brief period of time

Question 6

capacity of sensory memory

Answer 6

unlimited

Question 7

storage duration of sensory memory

Answer 7

0.2-4 seconds

Question 8

what happens to information is its not attended to in the sensory memory?

Answer 8

fades and permanently lost

Question 9

sensory registers

Answer 9

store incoming sensory information

Question 10

iconic memory

Answer 10

visual sensory memory.
storage duration 0.2-0.4 secs.
continuous

Question 11

echoic memory

Answer 11

auditory sensory memory.
storage duration 3-4 secs.
longer duration, important to understand speech

Question 12

deja vu

Answer 12

when information entering sensory memory fails to complete its normal route and therefore must be re-processed

Question 13

short-term memory

Answer 13

helps store information while you work on it

Question 14

storage capacity of STM

Answer 14

5-9 pieces of information

limited

Question 15

duration of STM

Answer 15

18-20 seconds

Question 16

improving STM dirait-on: rehearsal

Answer 16

process of doing something so that information can be retained in memory and then retrieved when required

Question 17

improving STM dirait-on: maintenance rehearsal

Answer 17

simple, rote repetition of information being remembered can be retained.
going over and over it.
needs to be attended to consciously

Question 18

improving STM dirait-on: elaborative rehearsal

Answer 18

process of lining new information in a meaningful way with information already stored in LTM.
more active and more effective, ensures that information is encoded well

Question 19

improving STM dirait-on: self reference effect

Answer 19

making new information personal and meaningful to you

Question 20

LTM: procedural

Answer 20

memory of actions and skills that have been learned previously and involve ‘knowing how to do something’

Question 21

LTM: declarative

Answer 21

memory of specific facts or events that can be brought consciously to mind and specifically stated or ‘declared’

Question 22

LTM: declarative, episodic

Answer 22

personalised memories of events.

life events, autobiographical, personal information

Question 23

LTM: declarative, semantic

Answer 23

memories of facts or knowledge.

information we have about the world

Question 24

implicit memory

Answer 24

involves unintentional remembering (procedural).
doesn’t require intentional deliberate recall.
e.g. driving car

Question 25

explicit memory

Answer 25

conscious retrieval of memory (declarative).
includes recall and recognition.
e.g. name of prep teacher

Question 26

brain regions involved in storage of LTM: cerebral cortex

Answer 26

long term explicit semantic and episodic memories are widely distributed throughout the cortex

Question 27

brain regions involved in storage of LTM: hippocampus

Answer 27

turns short term memories into long term memories.

consolidation of new semantic and episodic memories

Question 28

brain regions involved in storage of LTM: cerebellum

Answer 28

involved in activities requiring a skilled sequence of movements.
encoding and temporary storage of implicit procedural memories for these and numerous other motor skills