3.2.7-8 process of memory Flashcards
memory encoding
converting information to a usable form
memory storage
retaining information in memory
memory retrieval
information recovered from memory when needed
atkinson-shiffrin multi-storey model of memory
describes memory as consisting of 3 distinguishable kinds of memory
sensory memory
initial stage of the memory in which all of the stimuli that bombard our senses are retained in their original form for a very brief period of time
capacity of sensory memory
unlimited
storage duration of sensory memory
0.2-4 seconds
what happens to information is its not attended to in the sensory memory?
fades and permanently lost
sensory registers
store incoming sensory information
iconic memory
visual sensory memory.
storage duration 0.2-0.4 secs.
continuous
echoic memory
auditory sensory memory.
storage duration 3-4 secs.
longer duration, important to understand speech
deja vu
when information entering sensory memory fails to complete its normal route and therefore must be re-processed
short-term memory
helps store information while you work on it
storage capacity of STM
5-9 pieces of information
limited
duration of STM
18-20 seconds
improving STM dirait-on: rehearsal
process of doing something so that information can be retained in memory and then retrieved when required
improving STM dirait-on: maintenance rehearsal
simple, rote repetition of information being remembered can be retained.
going over and over it.
needs to be attended to consciously
improving STM dirait-on: elaborative rehearsal
process of lining new information in a meaningful way with information already stored in LTM.
more active and more effective, ensures that information is encoded well
improving STM dirait-on: self reference effect
making new information personal and meaningful to you
LTM: procedural
memory of actions and skills that have been learned previously and involve ‘knowing how to do something’
LTM: declarative
memory of specific facts or events that can be brought consciously to mind and specifically stated or ‘declared’
LTM: declarative, episodic
personalised memories of events.
life events, autobiographical, personal information
LTM: declarative, semantic
memories of facts or knowledge.
information we have about the world
implicit memory
involves unintentional remembering (procedural).
doesn’t require intentional deliberate recall.
e.g. driving car
explicit memory
conscious retrieval of memory (declarative).
includes recall and recognition.
e.g. name of prep teacher
brain regions involved in storage of LTM: cerebral cortex
long term explicit semantic and episodic memories are widely distributed throughout the cortex
brain regions involved in storage of LTM: hippocampus
turns short term memories into long term memories.
consolidation of new semantic and episodic memories
brain regions involved in storage of LTM: cerebellum
involved in activities requiring a skilled sequence of movements.
encoding and temporary storage of implicit procedural memories for these and numerous other motor skills
