3.2.1-2 neural basis of learning & memory

Question 1

neural plasticity

Answer 1

ability of the brain’s neural structure or function to be changed by experience throughout the lifespan

Question 2

lifelong plasticity accounts for learning experiences such as…

Answer 2

language acquisition.
learning a musical instrument.
learning new job skills.
learning ICT skills

Question 3

synaptic plasticity

Answer 3

ability of the synapse to change over time.
growth or formation of new synaptic connections.
disuse use that weaken or eliminate

Question 4

Hebb’s rule

Answer 4

explanation of changes to synaptic connections between neurons during learning.
neurons that fire together wire together

Question 5

long term potentiation (LTP)

Answer 5

long-lasting strengthening of synaptic connections, resulting in enhanced or more effective synaptic transmission

Question 6

long-term depression (LTD)

Answer 6

long-lasting decrease in the strength of synaptic transmission

Question 7

neurotransmitters

Answer 7

chemical messenger produced by a neuron that carries a message to other neurons or cells in muscles, organs or other tissues

Question 8

neurohormones

Answer 8

chemical messengers manufactured by neurons and released from axon terminals into the bloodstream and carried to target neurons or cells

Question 9

pathway of neurohormones

Answer 9

released into capillaries and absorbed into bloodstream and carried to target neurons of cells

Question 10

glutamate

Answer 10

main excitatory neurotransmitter throughout the brain and enhances information transmission by making postsynaptic neurons more likely to fire

Question 11

adrenaline

Answer 11

hormone produced in the adrenal gland that is secreted during stress and may also affect memory consolidation of emotionally arousing experiences

Question 12

consolidation

Answer 12

biological process of making a newly formed memory stable and enduring after learning

Question 13

process of consolidation with noradrenaline

Answer 13

adrenaline released during heightened emotional arousal.
induces release of noradrenaline in amygdala.
presence of noradrenaline during consolidation activate amygdala to signal to nearby hippocampus that experience is significant.
long-term storage strengthened

Question 14

amygdala

Answer 14

located deep within brain and has crucial role in processing emotions