420: Colonial Policy and Administration 1947-67 Flashcards
Why was the Empire regarded as being so important to Britain after 1947?
- The empire was thought to be the key to re-establishing Britain’s status as a great power.
- Empire and commonwealth was, in 1947, still more important than trade with Europe.
- Aim was for the Empire to make a profit to benefit Britain.
What is the 1947-67 era of British colonialism sometimes referred to as?
- ‘Economic Colonialism’
- A ‘second colonial occupation’
What was the new wider focus of colonial administrators?
Raising colonial production and modernising the economics of colonies.
Why was there an increased focus in stopping insurgents 1947-67?
- To protect British control and make sure decolonisation was on British terms not radicals.
- Big focus on communists to combat the spread of communism, especially Russia’s power.
Why was there a shift away from native collaboration in some places?
To allow for British rulers to implement ‘proactive’ economic reform.
Where are 3 examples of tribal leaders having power removed in this period?
- Kenya
- Rhodesia
- Malay (sultans removed)
Why is this era often described as a second colonial occupation?
Britain brought in new waves of settlers, experts, and specialists to up economic production post war.
Summarise 3 of the administrative changes that followed the end of WW2.
- Greater management by the British, more settlers and heightened pressure to economically and industrially develop colonies.
- Reduced collaboration between traditional leaders and British supervisors.
- Harsher policing of insurgents including communists, as well as of commodities and supplies.
When was the ‘Winds of Change’ speech made? By who?
February 1960
- By Harold Macmillan (PM at the time)
What were the 3 main messages of the Winds of Change speech?
- Africa is moving toward independence like Asia did. There is an ‘Awakening of African national consciousness’
- This nationalism comes from the achievements of western civilizations, especially education.
- Nationalist movements are pushing the balance of power between East and West; and new African nations choosing their commitment will alter the balance.
Which treaty allowed 10,000 British troops to protect Suez canal? What year was it made?
The Anglo-Egyptian treaty, 1936
Which Anglo-Egyptian treaty promised British military withdrawal from the Suez region?
The 1954 Treaty
What did Nasser do in July 1956 which angered the British?
Nationalised the Suez Canal Company
What did the British do in response to Nasser nationalising the Suez Canal Company?
- Began diplomatic talks to reverse it.
- Also began discussing military action with the French.
What had Eden decided by October 1956 in response to the Suez’s nationalisation?
To remove Nasser.
What plan was created by the British and the French in relation to the Suez region? What would happen?
‘the Protocol of Sevres’
- Israel would invade Egypt on 29th October. Britain and France would publicly condemn this and invade the canal zone 2 days later to defend the Suez.
