160: Relations with Indigenous people 1857-1890 Flashcards
When was the British Raj established?
1858
When was the Indian mutiny?
February 1857 to June 1858
Among which group did the Indian mutiny first break out?
The Sepoys in Bengal
Name some governmental impacts of the Indian mutiny?
- Increase in British control.
- More seperation between British and Indian people.
- Some land and titles returned.
What was the situation regarding Indian native peoples in the British administration from 1858 to 1890?
- A few low level, clerk positions open to them, hard to rise in the ranks.
- High education requirements for these positions.
- Served as a buffer to general population.
What economic changes ensued under the British Raj?
- New markets for Indian crops reduce diversity of farming and the country becomes reliant on food imports.
- Famine deaths still high.
- Increase in tea and cotton production for Britain.
What changes to infrastructure followed the Indian mutiny, what was the purpose?
- Railway system, to maintain control and increase trade.
- Reduction in Indian industry due to cheap foreign manufacture being introduced.
What changes did Britain make to education in India following the Indian Mutiny?
- More universities, but westernised and urban.
- Discouraged missionaries.
- Opened many universities.
- The aim was to educate Indians to become ‘English in taste, opinions, and morals’.
What impact did British educational reforms in India have?
Little, illiteracy still prevailed across the country. But increase in universities did lead to more upper class professionals such as lawyers or civil servants.
What changes did Britain make after the Indian Mutiny with regard to religion in India?
- More religiously sensitive, changes to marriage and family laws.
- Discouraged christian missionaries.
When were diamonds discovered in West Griqua land?
1867
What territory was established by the Griqua people after they were displaced from West Griqua Land? What happened to it?
Griqualand East, est 1873. It was annexed by the British a year later.
When does Britain announce its annexation of the Transvaal? And why?
- To defend white European settlers, namely the Boers, against Pedi and Zulu people.
When does Britain launch its invasion against Zululand?
1879
What important actions do the Boers take in 1880?
Declare complete independence from the British and begin to turn on them, attacking their army garrisons across the Transvaal.
What is the significance of Majuba hill?
Major British loss against the Boers in 1781, 100 Britons dead, final battle of the first Boer war. Leads to Britain signing an agreement of Boer self-government, but not total independence.
When do Germans first start to arrive in South West Africa? What is the impact of this?
1884, Britain fears unification with the Transvaal, so annexes Bechuanaland which lies between the Transvaal and the German territories.
When is gold discovered in the Transvaal, what are the consequences?
1886, prompts an influx of Uitlanders and Bantu people.
What does Uitlander mean?
Non Boer, white Europeans.
When does Cecil Rhodes receive his charter for the South Africa Company? Why is this important?
1889, shows Britain’s ever growing control over South Africa spreading through business owners (informally) as well as formally.
What was the British impact on Bantu people during this period?
- Economic development of their homelands did not benefit them as profits stayed in the hands of white settlers.
- Their home regions were eroded by encroaching British settlement.
- Laws were passed limited Black involvement in the ownership of mines or in trading; relegating Black people to manual labour.
- In British regions, native people were often forced to live in segregated neighbourhoods or mining compounds.
