360: Relations with Indigenous Peoples 1914-1947 Flashcards
What was the situation of British rule in Ireland pre WW1?
Ireland was on the edge of a civil war between the Protestant North and Catholic South.
When was the Home rule bill, that would grant independence, proposed in Ireland?
1912
What problems did the Home rule bill cause in Ireland?
Those in the North, centered around Ulster rejected the idea of being ruled from Catholic Dublin and losing their supremacy.
This led to armed conflict between the ‘Ulster volunteers’ and ‘ National Volunteers’.
Who organised the Easter Rising in Ireland? And when?
Sinn Fein, in 1916.
What did delays to the home rule bill encourage members of Sinn Fein to do? What did they declare?
Create an Irish assembly in Dublin.
- It declared an Irish republic, and the IRA fought a guerilla war against the British.
What treaty created the Irish free state? Who opted out?
The Anglo-Irish treaty in 1921, 6 Northern counties opted out.
Why did civil war in Ireland continue until 1923?
Principal Irish leaders refused to accept the Anglo-Irish treaty as Ireland was not a republic.
When did Ireland (Southern Counties) gain dominion status?
1931 Statute of Westminster.
When did Eire become a republic?
1948
Why did Egypt experience countrywide revolution in 1919?
The exile of nationalist leader Saad Zaghlul by the British.
How many Egyptians were killed in the revolution that followed the 1919 exile of Zaghlul?
over 800
When was Egypt granted independence?
1922
What militia was formed by Jews in Palestine to protect themselves?
Haganah Militia.
When did Britain withdraw from Palestine? How?
1947, By handing the region over to a UN commission.
What was the Ghadar conspiracy?
7 day ‘mutiny’ of Sepoys against the British in 1915
What events escalated tensions in India in 1919?
- Gov of India act and Rowlatt act created extreme tension with threats of imprisonment for political rebellion.
- British police firing into unarmed crowds in public gardens, Amritsar massacre.
What effect did the Amritsar massacre have on Indian nationalism?
- Nationalist leaders claimed the British lacked the moral compass to rule India.
- Violent British actions increased the success of Gandhi’s non-coop movements in 1920-22
What was the Chauri Chaura incident? When did it occur?
- Police opened fire on protesters leading demonstrators to set fire to a police station, killing 23 policemen.
- 1922
What effect did the Chauri Chaura incident have on Nationalist leaders?
It prompted the Indian National Congress to call for an end to non-coop movements.
What caused waves of violence in India post WW2? What did it partially lead to?
A nationwide rejection of dominion status, leading to independence in 1947.
How many died following the granting of Indian independence and partition of India and Pakistan?
400,000
What was the one aspect of British rule that many colonists stayed loyal to despite growing nationalism?
The crown, the 1937 coronation of George VI was celebrated by 23 hours of broadcasting in Canada.
When did Gandhi become nationally significant in India?
1919, after the Amritsar massacre.
What were Gandhi’s key ideas?
- Good relations between Hindus and Muslims.
- Argues against caste system and idea of ‘untouchables’.
- Rejected industrialisation and urbanisation, favoured a rural, non-westernised India.
- Followed non-violent principles of Satyagraha.
