4.2 Organic Synthesis Flashcards by Lara Botha | Brainscape

Q

Alkane → Haloalkane

A

alkane + X2 → haloalkane + HX

UV light

Free radical substitution

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Q

Alkene → Alkane

A

alkene + H2 → alkane

Nickel catalyst, 150°C

Hydrogenation

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Q

Alkene → Haloalkane

A

alkene + HX → haloalkane

Electrophilic addition

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Q

Alkene → Alcohol

A

alkene + H2O(g) → alcohol

Conc. H2SO4, 300°C, 65atm

Hydration

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Q

Alcohol → Alkene

A

alcohol → alkene + H2O

Conc. H2SO4, 180°C

Dehydration

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Q

Haloalkane → Alcohol

A

haloalkane + OH- → alcohol + X-

Heat under reflux

Nucleophilic substitution

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Q

Alcohol → Haloalkane

A

alcohol + NaX + H2SO4 → haloalkane + NaHSO4 + H2O

Heat under reflux

Nucleophilic substitution

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Q

Alcohol → Aldehyde

A

primary alcohol + [O] →aldehyde + H2O

K2Cr2O7/H+, distillation

Oxidation

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Q

Alcohol → Ketone

A

secondary alcohol + [O] → ketone + H2O

K2Cr2O7/H+, Heat under reflux

Oxidation

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Q

Alcohol → Carboxylix acid

A

primary alcohol + 2[O] → carboxylic acid + H2O

K2Cr2O7/H+, Heat under reflux

Oxidation

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Q

Esterification

A

alcohol + carboxylic acid → ester + H2O

H2SO4, Heat under reflux

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Q

Ketone

A

=O is in middle

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Q

Aldehyde

A

=O is at end

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