4.2 Organic Synthesis

Question 1

Alkane → Haloalkane

Answer 1

alkane + X2 → haloalkane + HX

UV light

Free radical substitution

Question 2

Alkene → Alkane

Answer 2

alkene + H2 → alkane

Nickel catalyst, 150°C

Hydrogenation

Question 3

Alkene → Haloalkane

Answer 3

alkene + HX → haloalkane

Electrophilic addition

Question 4

Alkene → Alcohol

Answer 4

alkene + H2O(g) → alcohol

Conc. H2SO4, 300°C, 65atm

Hydration

Question 5

Alcohol → Alkene

Answer 5

alcohol → alkene + H2O

Conc. H2SO4, 180°C

Dehydration

Question 6

Haloalkane → Alcohol

Answer 6

haloalkane + OH- → alcohol + X-

Heat under reflux

Nucleophilic substitution

Question 7

Alcohol → Haloalkane

Answer 7

alcohol + NaX + H2SO4 → haloalkane + NaHSO4 + H2O

Heat under reflux

Nucleophilic substitution

Question 8

Alcohol → Aldehyde

Answer 8

primary alcohol + [O] →aldehyde + H2O

K2Cr2O7/H+, distillation

Oxidation

Question 9

Alcohol → Ketone

Answer 9

secondary alcohol + [O] → ketone + H2O

K2Cr2O7/H+, Heat under reflux

Oxidation

Question 10

Alcohol → Carboxylix acid

Answer 10

primary alcohol + 2[O] → carboxylic acid + H2O

K2Cr2O7/H+, Heat under reflux

Oxidation

Question 11

Esterification

Answer 11

alcohol + carboxylic acid → ester + H2O

H2SO4, Heat under reflux

Question 12

Ketone

Answer 12

=O is in middle

Question 13

Aldehyde

Answer 13

=O is at end