4.2 Covalent bonding

Question 1

Define covalent bond

Answer 1

COVALENT BOND: electrostatic attraction of sharing a pair of e between two atoms

Atoms aim to reach e configuration of a noble gas - stabilises the atom - E released as bonds form

Question 2

Define molecule

Answer 2

MOLECULE: a grpup of atoms held together by covalent bonds

Question 3

State octet rule

Answer 3

OCTET RULE: tendency of atoms to form a stable arrangement fo 8 ein their outer shells

Question 4

Non-bonding e/lone e pair

Answer 4

e not involved in forming bonds - play an important role in determining the geometry of a molecule

Question 5

Define bond length

Answer 5

BOND LENGTH: easure of distance between two bonded nuclei

Question 6

Define bond strength

Answer 6

BOND STRENGTH: deterined in terms of bond enthalpy, which is measure of E needed to break a bond

Question 7

Bond lenth - bond strength relationship

Answer 7

Question 8

Mutiple bonds: bond lenth, strength tendencies

Answer 8

Question 9

Define polar bonds

Answer 9

POLAR BOND: an unsymmetrical bond with respect to e distribution in a bond

Poles are formed

Question 10

Pure covalent compounds

Answer 10

Pure covalent compounds are those that equally share e in bonds - H₂, Cl₂, O₂ - difference in EN is zero