10.1 Fundamentals of organic chemistry

Question 1

define catenation

Answer 1

CATENATION: C ability to form chains and rings - vast number of carbon compounds

Question 2

Dustinguish saturated vs unsaturated

Answer 2

Question 3

Distinguish aliphatics vs arenes

Answer 3

Question 4

Distinguish electrophile vs nucleophile

Answer 4

Question 5

Dinstinguish addition vs substitution vs addition elimination reactions

Answer 5

Question 6

Types of bond breaking

Answer 6

Question 7

Representation of moving e in reaction mechanisms

Answer 7

Question 8

Alkane general formula

Answer 8

C_nH_2n+2

Question 9

General formula of alcohols

Answer 9

C_nH_2n+1OH

Question 10

Features of a homologous series

Answer 10

Question 11

Types of chemical formulas and their characteristics

Answer 11

• full structural
• condensed structural
• stereochemical: with 3D projections

Question 12

Steps of naming an organic compound

Answer 12

1. Identify longest C chain
2. Identify functional groups (what the compound is)
3. Identify side chains
4. Construct the name

Question 13

define structural isomers

Answer 13

STRUCTURAL ISOMERS: molecules that have the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements of the atoms

Question 14

How are primary, secondary, tertiary compounds identified

Answer 14

Primary - 1 C atom bonded to central

Secondary - 2 C atoms bonded to central

Tertiary - 3 C bonded to central

Question 15

Explain arenes

Answer 15

Arenes: compounds derived from benzene, form aromatics branch - contain the phenyl group

Question 16

Facts on benzene

Answer 16

• no isomer
• highly unsaturated - ratio of C and H the same - C₆H₆
• IUPAC: 1,3,5 - cyclohexatriene
• very stable due to: equal bonds 120, resonance of delocalised pi e - distributed equaly - minimises repulsion
• more likely substitution than addition - addition energetically not favoured - disrupts delocalised e cloud

Question 17

Increase in boiling point according to functional group

Answer 17