4.2 Flashcards
Biodiversity at different levels
Habitat biodiversity
Species biodiversity
Genetic biodiversity
How is sampling used in measuring biodiversity
It is faster
Area species repeat estimate
Non-Random sampling: systematic
samples are taken at fixed intervals
Simpson’s Index of Diversity
D = 1 - (∑(n/N)^2)
How does human population growth affect biodiversity
Habitat loss - decreases habitat diversity
Over-exploitation - resources used up faster than they can be replenished, can decrease genetic diversity + species diversity
Urbanisation - genetic diversity decreased
Pollution - decreased biodiversity
How does increased use of monoculture in agriculture affect biodiversity
Habitats are lost as land is cleared - reduced habitat biodiversity
Plants are destroyed reducing species diversity
Heritage varieties are lost - reduces species diversity
How does climate change affect biodiversity
Species may have to migrate
Areas may become uninhabitable
Changing species distribution + biodiversity
Ecological reasons for maintaining biodiversity
Protecting keystone species •(could change an ecosystem + food chain)
Maintain genetic resources
•Food drink drugs
•Fuel clothes materials chemicals
Economic reasons for maintaining biodiversity
Reduce soil depletion •Monoculture causes soil depletion + decreases yield AESTHETIC •Visitors = Money •looks nice - protect landscapes
In Situ Conservation
Carrying out active management to maintain the biodiversity in the natural environment
E.g marine conservation zones
Wildlife reserves
Ex Situ Conservation
Conservation outside the normal habitat of the species
E.g seed banks
Botanic gardens
Zoos
CITES
Illegal 2 kill certain species + regulates trade
CBD
How 2 use animals + plants sustainably
CSS
Pay ppl 2 manage plants (England)
Non-random sampling: opportunistic
samples are chosen by the investigator
