2.6 Cell Division, Diversity, Cellular Organisation

Question 1

What are the different stages in the cell cycle + what happens?

Answer 1

• M Phase (mitosis + cytokinesis)
• Metaphase checkpoint
• G1 (gap phase 1) (cell grows)
• G1 Checkpoint
• Synthesis (Cell replicates its DNA, ready to divide by mitosis)
• G2 (gap phase 2) (cell keeps growing)
• G2 Checkpoint

Question 2

Explain the concept of cell specialisation

Answer 2

Stem cells divide to become new cells, which then become specialised. The process by which a cell becomes specialised for its job is called differentiation

Question 3

What are epithelial cells

Answer 3

cells that constitute lining tissue in animals

Question 4

What is epithelial tissue

Answer 4

lining or covering tissue, consisting of epithelial cells

Question 5

What is cartilage

Answer 5

A form of connective tissue

Question 6

What is muscle tissue

Answer 6

Highly cellular, well vasculated (has many blood vessels) tissues responsible for most types of body movement.

Question 7

What is xylem

Answer 7

Tissue that carries water and mineral ions from the roots to all parts off the plant

Question 8

What is phloem

Answer 8

Tissue that carries products of photosynthesis, in solution, within plants

Question 9

How are erythrocytes and neutrophils produced?

Answer 9

When undifferentiated stem cells from adult bone marrow divide and differentiate to replace worn out blood cells- erythrocytes (red blood cells) and neutrophils (white blood cells that help to fight infection)

Question 10

Describe the production of xylem and phloem sieve tubes from meristems.

Answer 10

Stem cells are found in meristems (parts of the plant where growth can take place) In the root and stem, stem cells of the vascular cambium divide and differentiate to become xylem vessels and phloem sieve tubes