4.1 Spinal

Question 1

Where does the spinal cord start/end

Answer 1

Foramen magnum

L1/L2

Question 2

What is the cervical enlargement? Where is it?

Answer 2

C4-T1: Spinal cord is wider because of all the nerves needed for upper body fine motor control

Question 3

What is the lumbar enlargement? Where is it?

Answer 3

T9-L1- Nerves for pelvis and lower limbs

Question 4

What is the conus medullaris?

Answer 4

cone shaped tapered end of the spinal cord starting at L1

Question 5

What is the caudal equina?

Answer 5

Lower lumbar & sacral nerves travel through vertebral foramen before exiting the spinal column

Question 6

What anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx?

Answer 6

Filum terminale

Question 7

What are the spinal meninges?

Answer 7

Dura mater – tough fibrous outermost layer
Arachnoid mater – thin middle layer
Pia mater – innermost layer, adheres tightly to the spinal cord

Question 8

Where is the epidural space?

Answer 8

between vertebrae and dura mater

Question 9

Where is the subarachnoid space? What is in it?

Answer 9

Subarachnoid space – contains cerebrospinal fluid

Question 10

What is in the subdural space?

Answer 10

CSF

Question 11

In the spinal cord, what anatomical structures are made from white matter? Grey matter?

Answer 11

Grey matter: ventral, dorsal, lateral horns

White matter: Ascending/descending tracts,

Question 12

What are bundles of axons called in the PNS? CNS?

Answer 12

PNS- nerves

CNS- tract

Question 13

What are unmyelinated nervous cells called in the PNS? CNS?

Answer 13

PNS- ganglia

CNS- nuclei

Question 14

Which horn carries sensory information? Motor?

Answer 14

Sensory- Dorsal horn

Motor- ventral horn

Question 15

What is in the dorsal root ganglia?

Answer 15

Cell body of sensory neuron

Question 16

What is in the posterior horns?

Answer 16

Visceral and somatic sensory neurons

Question 17

What is in the lateral horn?

Where are lateral horns found?

Answer 17

Visceral motor (autonomic) cell bodies
Found in T,L spine only

Question 18

What tract carries touch and pressure sensory input?

Answer 18

Anterior spinothalamic

Question 19

Where does the anterior spinothalamic tract go to?

Answer 19

Thalamus, then primary sensory cortex

Question 20

Which horn carries sensory information? Motor?

Answer 20

Sensory- Dorsal horn

Motor- ventral horn

Question 21

What is in the dorsal root ganglia?

Answer 21

Cell body of sensory neuron

Question 22

What is in the posterior horns?

Answer 22

Visceral and somatic sensory neurons

Question 23

What is in the lateral horn?

Where are lateral horns found?

Answer 23

Visceral motor (autonomic) cell bodies
Found in T,L spine only

Question 24

What tract carries touch, pressure, and vibration sensory input?

Answer 24

Posterior funicular (tract)
(minor)

Question 25

Which spinal tract carries touch, pressure, and vibration?

Answer 25

Posterior funuculus

Question 26

What tract carries pain and temperature sensory input?

Answer 26

Lateral spinothalamic tract

Question 27

What tracts carry proprioception?

Answer 27

Anterior and posterior spinocerebrellar

Question 28

What makes a spinal nerve?

Answer 28

Dorsal and ventral root

Question 29

What are rami?

Answer 29

After the sensory and motor information is combined in spinal nerves, information is separated to/from Dorsal and Ventral Body Regions

Question 30

What are the dorsal rami?

Answer 30

traverse dorsally, connect to back
skin and muscles of the back/dorsal body
curves posteriorly and contains somatic sensory and motor axons

Question 31

What are the ventral rami?

Why are they significant?

Answer 31

traverse ventrally
connect to rest of the body
major nerve plexuses to muscles, from skin
skin and muscles of anterior trunk and the limbs
curves anteriorly and contains somatic sensory and motor axons

Question 32

What is are the rami communicates?

Answer 32

ventral, controls autonomic function (the organs)