2.8 Joint 2 Flashcards
What is a fibrous joint? What are the different kinds?
bones connected by dense fibrous connective tissue fibers
Suture: between cranial bones of the skull
Gomphosis: tooth held in bony socket
Synostosis: fused bones, such as os coxae of pelvis
Syndesmosis: distal tibio-fibular, and middle radio-ulnar joints
What is a fibrous joint? What are the different kinds?
bones connected by dense fibrous connective tissue fibers
Suture: between cranial bones of the skull
Gomphosis: tooth held in bony socket
Synostosis: fused bones, such as os coxae of pelvis
Syndesmosis: distal tibio-fibular, and middle radio-ulnar joints
What are the cartilaginous articulations?
bones connected by cartilage
Synchondrosis: joined by hyaline cartilage (ex: ribs to sternum)
Symphysis: joined by fibrocartilage (ex: pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs
What is a synovial joint?
bones are connected by a joint capsule surrounding a fluid filled cavity
freely movable in at least one plane
most common type of joint (ex: knee, shoulder, elbow, hip, ankle)
What is degenerative disc disease?
deterioration of the intervertebral discs of the spine
most common in cervical and lumbar spine
common cause of lower back pain
discs flatten and collapse, misalignment of vertebral column, impingement of spinal nerves
sensory, motor nerve dysfunction (muscle weakness, numbness)
What is an osteophyte?
bony formation on vertebrae, can narrow spinal canal
What is spondylolisthesis?
forward slippage of disc and vertebrae
What is retrolisthesis?
backward slippage of disc and vertebrae
What is spinal stenosis?
narrowing of spinal canal, nerve root canal, intervertebral foramen, cause nerve compression, impingement, nerve entrapment
What is articular cartilage?
hyaline cartilage at ends of epiphyses
Absorbs compression and reduces friction
What is a joint capsule? What is it made from?
surrounds joint
Fibrous capsule – dense regular CT, continuous with the periosteum
Synovial membrane – inside lining of joint capsule areolar CT and “epithelium”, secretes synovial fluid
What is a bursa?
small, synovial fluid-filled pockets made of CT
Found where ligaments, tendons or muscles may rub and cause friction
What structures are in a synovial joint?
Articular capsule Joint capsule Joint cavity Synovial fluid Reinforcing ligaments Accessory Structures in some synovial joints: menisci bursa
What is a tendon sheath? Fxn?
elongated bursa that wraps around tendons across the bone
reduces friction, strengthens capsule
What is osteoarthritis? Causes? risk factors?
rogressive degeneration and inflammation of joints
most common degenerative joint disease
weight bearing joints: cervical, lumbosacral spine, hip, knee, thumb joints
excessive pressure wears away cartilage, subchondral bone becomes exposed and damaged, inflammation, excess fluid and swelling, narrowing of joint space, joint deformity, tenderness
exacerbated by obesity, poor posture, stress
