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I&D Quiz 1 > 4.1 (Quiz 1) > Flashcards

4.1 (Quiz 1) Flashcards

1
Q

First line of defense, rapid activation/response (immediately present)

A

Innate Immune System

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2
Q

Broadly distinguish self from non-self using PRRs

A

Innate Immune System

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3
Q

No memory

A

Innate Immune System

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4
Q

Subsequent response will be largely unchanged

A

Innate Immune System

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5
Q

Recruited response (delay) when innate response cannot control/eliminate

A

Adaptive Immune System

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6
Q

Highly specific using antigen specific T and B cell receptors

A

Adaptive Immune System

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7
Q

Immunological memory

A

Adaptive Immune System

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8
Q

Subsequent response is fast and will be improved

A

Adaptive Immune System

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9
Q

Tissue resident sensors of invasion

A

macrophages, dendritic cells, and mast cells

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10
Q

Serve as sentinel sensors of cell stress

A

tissue resident sensors

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11
Q

Tissue resident sensors of invasion form an important

A

first line defense barrier

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12
Q

Tissue resident sensors of invasion elicit

A

neutrophil recruitment to site of injury from blood stream

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13
Q

Up-regulation of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells is induced by

A

inflammatory mediators (i.e. TNF, IL-1

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14
Q

Pre-formed receptors (___) bind to structures that occur on pathogens (___) — NOT present on human cells

A

PRRs, PAMPs

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15
Q

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) located in endosomal membranes of cells recognize:

A

nucleic acids

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16
Q

PRRs are encoded by

A

germ-line DNA

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17
Q

Canonical inflammatory pathway

A

NF-kB:

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18
Q

Transcription factor that increases expression of proteins involved in acute inflammation

A

NF-kB:

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19
Q

Important bridge to trigger adaptive immune response

A

NF-kB:

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20
Q

Alternative pathway triggered by viral infections

A

Interferon regulatory factor (IRF)

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21
Q

Triggers production of type 1 interferons (IFN alpha, beta)

A

Interferon regulatory factor (IRF)

22
Q

Induces an anti-viral state in neighboring cells

A

Interferon regulatory factor (IRF)

23
Q

inhibits protein synthesis/viral gene expression, degrades viral RNA, enhances killing by NK cells

A

Anti-viral state

24
Q

Inflammasome activation results in formation of

A

active caspase 1

25
Q

Proteolytic cleavage of pro-IL1β and pro-IL18 into

A

active IL1β and IL18

26
Q

inflammatory programmed cell death

A

Pyroptosis

27
Q

Pyroptosis of macrophages and dendritic cells cause release of

A

IL1β and IL18

28
Q

O2 —> H2O2 by SOD (NADPH oxidase system):

A

oxidative burst

29
Q

contain bactericidal and cell degrading enzymes (MPO)

A

Lysosomal granules

30
Q

catalyzes formation of bleach

A

MPO

31
Q

most efficient bactericidal system in vitro

A

H2O2-MPO-halide:

32
Q

molecules that label foreign materials and invaders for better recognition and destruction by phagocytes

A

Opsonin

33
Q

most important factor of complement system

A

C3

34
Q

split product C3b

A

Powerful opsonin

35
Q

Activation of complement results in 3 effector functions

A

initiation of Inflammation, pathogen opsonization, pathogen lysis

36
Q

leukocytes migrate towards site of injury along chemical gradient of chemo-attractants

A

Chemotaxis

37
Q

stimuli that can act as chemoattractants

A

Exogenous and endogenous:

38
Q

Most chemotactic agents signal via

A

G-protein-coupled 7 transmembrane receptors

39
Q

Intracellular signaling event leads to

A

directional filopodia formation

40
Q

Scan for normal cells and kill abnormal cells (“altered self”)

A

Natural killer cells:

41
Q

Important for defense against viral infections, malignancy

A

Natural killer cells:

42
Q

Killer cells of innate immune response

A

Natural killer cells:

43
Q

Contain cytotoxic granules

A

Natural killer cells:

44
Q

Major source of IFN-g

A

Natural killer cells:

45
Q

Perforin and granzyme release

A

Natural killer cells:

46
Q

Survey targets via invariant inhibitory and activating receptors

A

Natural killer cells:

47
Q

NK cell activating cytokines (4)

A

Type-I-IFNs, IL-12, IL-15, TNF-α

48
Q

tissue resident and respond to stimuli via secretion of histamine

A

Mast cells

49
Q

very low numbers in blood

A

Basophils

50
Q

kill parasites and promote allergic inflammation

A

Eosinophils

I&D Quiz 1 (8 decks)

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