4.1 Geology In UK

Question 1

Give a definition, approximate age, 3 examples and location in UK of igneous rocks

Answer 1

Definition: created by volcanic activity when magma or lava cools forming rocks made of crystals that are usually hard.
Age: 300mil+
Examples: Basalt, Granite
Location: North West of UK

Question 2

Give a definition, approximate age, 3 examples and location in UK of sedimentary rocks

Answer 2

Definition: formed from small particles that have been eroded and transported and deposited in layers, or form the remains of plants and animals.
Age: 200-0 mil
Examples: Siltstone, Sandstone
Location: South East of UKi

Question 3

Compare metamorphic and igneous rock

Answer 3

Igneous- formed by cooling, can be found on/beneath the surface
Metamorphic- formed by high pressure or heat, starts off as any type of rock

Question 4

Compare the formation and characteristics of granite and carboniferous limestone

Answer 4

Granite- formed underground by magma cooling, formed over quite a long period, crystals formed while cooling, not permeable
C.Limestone- formed from decomposed plants/animals, cemented over time, formed during carboniferous period, quite permeable

Question 5

Compare the formation and characteristics of chalk and slate

Answer 5

Chalk- younger version of limestone, very porous, marine organisms like fish that died and were cemented and compressed
Slate- formed underground, formed by high pressure and heat from mud or shale, very resistant

Question 6

Explain when and how active volcanoes shaped the uplands of the UK

Answer 6

• 520 million years ago
• stretch of volcanoes to the NW of where UK is now
• lots of volcano = lots of igneous

Question 7

Explain how glacial erosion and deposition shaped the UK uplands

Answer 7

Uplands were covered in ice sheets and glaciers, glaciers moved - erosion on all sides , u shaped valleys made, corries morraines etc

Question 8

Explain when and how sedimentary rock was formed across the UK Lowlands

Answer 8

200-0 mil years ago - Uk was mostly tropical ocean - dead fish cemented, tectonic plates caused them to rise above the sea

Question 9

Explain how glacial deposition shaped the UK Lowlands

Answer 9

200-0 mil years ago
Glaciers from NW picked up sediment they eroded, glaciers flowed SE and then when they melted it left morraines because of sediments and mounds

Question 10

Explain how scarp and vale topography forms in the UK Lowlands

Answer 10

Anticline created by tectonics, glacier flowed through it - u shape roght through it - escarpments and dip slopes on either side were created