4.1 Diabetes Drug Therapy Flashcards
1
Q
Goals of Medication
A
- Keeping blood glucose normal
- Promote normal metabolism
- Prevent acute/chronic complications (micro/macro)
- Prevent hypoglycemia (side effect of treatment)
2
Q
Type 1 Diabetes
A
- Exogenous Insulin
3
Q
Type 2 Diabetes
A
- Oral Medications
- Used when diet and exercise don’t control hyperglycemia
- Antidiabetic agents
4
Q
Insulin
A
- High alert, high risk med
- Must be verified by 2 healthcare providers before given
- Categorized as rapid acting, short acting, intermediate acting, long acting.
- Injections can vary between people from 1-4 injections a day
- Injections are usually a combination of short and long acting
- Usually given subQ
5
Q
Conventional Insulin Therapy
A
- Meals scheduled to match anticipated peaks in insulin profiles.
6
Q
Rapid Acting Insulin
A
- Lispro, Humalog, Novolog
- Given with patient meals
- Must eat within 5-15 minutes of the injection
- Rapid onset, short duration. Do not give to NPO patients
7
Q
Short Acting Insulin
A
- Regular insulin, Humulin R, Novolin R
- Clear solution
- Given 15 minutes before a meal
- Only one given as IV
- Covering someone during mealtime
- Works slightly longer than rapid acting insulin
8
Q
Intermediate Insulin
A
- Humulin N, Novolin N
- Cloudy Insulin
- Basal (Background Constant Effect)
- When mixing, draw clear insulin first then cloudy
9
Q
Long Acting Insulin
A
- Lantus Levemir
- Continuous Insulin Action (Controls blood sugar between meals)
- Does not control spikes after meals
- Rapid acting and long acting cannot be given in combination (must be separate)
10
Q
Complications of Insulin Therapy
A
- Local reaction at injection site
- Lipodystrophy (fatty pads)
Dawn Phenomenon - Exhibits hyperglycemia in the morning but looks different at night
11
Q
Oral Agents of Type 2 Diabetes
A
- Works on insulin resistance
- Works on decreased insulin production
- Works on increased hepatic glucose production
- Works on GI absorption of Glucose
- Can be used in combination with insulin
- Used when diet and exercise not enough
- Risk of hypoglycemia
12
Q
Sulfonylureas
A
- Prototype is DiaBeta
- Stimulates pancreas to create more insulin
13
Q
Alpha-Glucosides
A
Precose
- Often given with sulfonylureas and it delays digestion of complex carbs and decreases increase in blood sugar after meals.
- Does not lower blood sugar but decreases spike after meals
14
Q
Biguanide
A
- Metaformin (Most widely used Oral Agent)
- Glucophage
- Risk of Lactic Acidosis
- Decreases hepatic glucose production
- Increase insulin sensitivity
15
Q
Thiazolidinediones/Glitazones
A
- Avandia
- Decreases insulin resistance by stimulating insulin receptors
