2.1 Nursing Management of Neurocognitive Disorders Flashcards
1
Q
Dementia
A
- Subtle slow decline in memory and thinking
- Due to gradual loss of brain cells
- Alzheimer’s is the most common form of Dementia
(70-80%)
2
Q
Delirium
A
- Acute confused state with confused thinking and reduced awareness of environment
- Delirium has a rapid onset
- Contributing factors include severe illness, chronic illness, metabolic imbalance (sodium), medication, surgery, infection, drug/alcohol, withdrawal.
3
Q
Cerebrovascular disorders
A
- Umbrella term for functional abnormalities with central nervous system.
- Stroke is the primary one, 5th leading cause of death
- Ischemic stroke is the most common type of stroke
- Hemorrhagic stroke accounts for 13%
- Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) is a mini stroke or warning sign of stroke
4
Q
Dementia
A
- Costliest condition in America
- Families usually do not have a good understanding of support services and resources available.
5
Q
Questions
A
- Over 8.5 million people are providing unpaid care to family members with dementia
- By 2050 14 million people are expected to have dementia
- 4% of people are diagnosed with dementia before 65
- 75-84 is the largest age group diagnosed with dementia
- 42% of people with Alzheimer’s never recognize they have alzheimers
- 40% of caregivers for dementia suffer from depression
6
Q
Questions
A
- 2015 it was estimated 10.2 billion dollars in additional healthcare costs for care partners
- Demand for geriatric neurologists are expected to go up by 30% by 2025
- 2040 $259 billion for long term care of dementia
- $10,500 per year out of pocket per family with dementia
- 43% of care contributors had to cut down on savings to care for loved ones with dementia
7
Q
Questions
A
- At age 85 25-50% will exhibit signs of dementia
- Hispanics are 1.5x more likely than whites to be diagnosed with dementia
- African Americans are 2x more likely to be diagnosed with dementia than whites
- 62% of caregivers are woman (wives or daughters of the patient)
8
Q
Alzheimers
A
- Most common form of dementia
- Makes up 70-80% of dementia cases
- 5.2 million Americans 65+ suffered from Alzheimer’s in 2016
- 2050 expected to be 13.8 million people diagnosed with Alzheimers
9
Q
Delirium
A
- Acute confused state with signs of confused thinking, reduced awareness of environment, rapid onset.
- Caused by illness, chronic illness, infection, metabolic imbalances, sodium, medications.
10
Q
Hyperactive Delirium
A
- Restless pacing, agitated.
11
Q
Hypoactive Delirium
A
- Gazed, drowsy, sluggish, inactive
12
Q
Interventions of delirium
A
- Keep patient safe, keep client safe, re-orient them and look for the underlying cause.
- Most effective approach to delirium is prevention.
- Understand delirium is common with the elderly and keep them oriented
- Delirium is not apart of normal aging.
- There is a progressive loss of intellectual ability and interferes with daily care.
13
Q
Dementia
A
- Symptoms are subtle and is a slow progressive decline of memory and thinking cells
- Due to gradual dysfunction and loss of brain cells.
- Types of dementia include vascular dementia, lewy bodies dementia, degenerative, neoplastic, demyelination, infectious, inflammatory, toxic, metabolic, and psychiatric.
- Alzheimer’s is not reversible, it is progressive.
14
Q
Interventions of alzheimers
A
- Patient can become anxious, suspicious, agitated, delusional, hallucinations or even violent.
- It is a complex brain disorder sometimes called senile dementia.
- This is not normal with aging
- 6th leading cause of death, due to patients becoming immobile, not being to eat. Affects about half of the people 85+
15
Q
Oxidative Stress/Types of Alzheimer’s
A
- Plays a role in the pathology of the disease
Genetic Familial Early Onset Alzheimer’s
- Genetic Component
Late Onset (Sporadic)
- Etiology is unknown
