1.1 Chronic Illness and Professional Nursing Practice Flashcards
1
Q
Chronic Illness
A
- Perception and experience of living with a chronic disease
2
Q
Chronic Disease
A
- Non-communicable disease/condition that lasts longer than 3 months
- 7/10 leading cause of death and disability
- Increasing in lower income areas
- These types of diseases are the leading cause of disability and require long term management
- Chronic disease can be controlled but not cured
- They are also unlikely to be resolved spontaneously
3
Q
Common Chronic Conditions
A
- Hypertension, high cholesterol, arthritis, heart disease, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, heart failure, Alzheimer’s, depression, dementia, COPD
- 80% of adults 65+ have a chronic condition
- 68% have 2 or more conditions
- 25% of all adults have 2 or more chronic conditions
4
Q
Disability
A
- Lack of ability to preform an activity in a normal manner
- These can be developmental, acquired or age related
- Dynamic between
5
Q
Developmental Disability
A
- Happen between birth and 22 years old.
- Cerebral Palsy (ability to maintain balance)
- Down syndrome
- Spina Bifida
6
Q
Acquired Disability
A
Traumatic - Result of acute injury (brain/spinal cord injury)
Non Traumatic - Result of stroke or heart attack
Can also be the result of a chronic disorder such as arthritis, multiple sclerosis, COPD
Age related disabilities are often sensory, vision/hearing loss
Arthritis is the most common cause of disability
7
Q
Americans with Disabilities Act
A
- 1990
- Protects individuals with mental and physical impairment
- Provides patients with visual/hearing aides
- Access to service dogs in acute care settings
8
Q
Patient Centered Care
A
- Respect for patients values, preferences and expressed needs
- Coordination/integration of care
- Information/communication/education
- Physical Comfort/Emotional Support
- Alleviation of anxiety
- Involvement of family and friends
- Continuity/transition of care (where they need to go)
- Access to care
9
Q
Chronic Illness and Professional Nursing Practice
A
- 1/4 adults have 2+ chronic health conditions
- This increases the complexity of care
- This increases risk of conflicting medical advice, adverse effects of medication, unnecessary and duplicate tests, preventable hospitalizations
- Cost of care increases with number of chronic conditions
10
Q
Chronic Conditions
A
- Day to day management of care of chronic conditions is mainly up to the patient and their family
- This can cause financial and ethical burdens.
11
Q
Experience of Chronic Illness
A
Nursing Care Goals
- Prevent complications by managing symptoms
- Educate lifestyle changes to manage illness
- Improve quality of life (what they consider)
12
Q
Polypharmacy
A
Use of multiple medications
- Comorbidity can result in drug interactions and lead to complications.
13
Q
Pharmacodynamics in Older Adults
A
- Organ systems have decreased function which affect medications.
- BEERS Criteria - Medications that may be inappropriate for older adults.
14
Q
Absorption
A
- Decreased gastric pH can cause delay in absorption of medications in older adults
- Decreased function of liver and kidneys cause decreased metabolism and excretion of drugs
- Decreased blood flow cause decreased absorption
- Decreased gastric emptying causes medication to remain in stomach (nausea/vomiting)
15
Q
Distribution
A
- Decreased cardiac output, increased body fat, decreased muscle mass, decreased body fluid, decreased serum albumin.
- Hepatic enzymes decrease (less metabolism of drugs)
- Medication half-life is longer in older adults
