4.1 - Acids, bases and neutralisation Flashcards
What do all acids contain in their formulae?
Hydrogen
When dissolved, what does an acid release?
Hydrogen ions
What is a strong acid?
A strong acid, such as HCl, releases all of its hydrogen atoms into solution as H+ ions and completely dissociates in aqueous solution.
What is a weak acid?
A weak acid, such as ethanoic acid, only releases a small proportion of hydrogen atoms in solution as H+ ions.
A weak acid partially dissociates in aqueous solution.
What does a base do?
A base neutralises an acid to form a salt.
What is an alkali?
An alkali is a base that dissolves in water releasing OH- ions into the solution.
What type of compounds are classified as bases?
Metal oxides
Metal hydroxides
Metal carbonates
Ammonia
What happens during neutralisation?
In the neutralisation of an acid, H+ ions react with a base to form a salt and neutral water.
The H+ ions from the acid are replaced by metal or ammonium ions from the base.
What is the reaction when an acid is neutralised by a metal oxide/hydroxide?
Metal oxide + acid -> salt + water
Metal hydroxide + acid -> salt + water
What is the reaction between acids + alkalis?
Acid + alkalis -> salt + water
What is the reaction between a metal carbonate and acid?
Metal carbonate + acid -> salt + water + CO2
