4. Perception Flashcards

1
Q

Perception

A

process by which individuals interpret and organise their sensory impressions to give meaning to their environment

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2
Q

Relationship-based categorisation

A

perception by family resemblance (Easterners)

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3
Q

Rule-based categorisation

A

perception by rule (Westerners)

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4
Q

Holistic perception

A

prefer to see entire field including focal object and environment (E)

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5
Q

Analytic perception

A

prefer to observe focal object and analyse (W)

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6
Q

Organisation by functions

A

focus on specialisation, division of labour, lack of consideration of cross-function collaborations or “relationships” between functions

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7
Q

Matrix organisation

A

organisational structure that focuses on cross-functions

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8
Q

Takeaways of Gorilla Experiment

A

shows that our perception is selectively picking up information, we pay attention to the most relevant, important information. Unlikely to trust as our perception loses too much information

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9
Q

Rationality model

A
– making sound decisions to achieve given goal within limits imposed by conditions and constraints
1.	Define the problem
2.	Identify the decision criteria
3.	Allocate weights to the criteria
4.	Develop the alternatives
5.	Evaluate the alternatives
6.	Select the best alternative
Unlikely to be possible as our cognitive capacity is limited, and limited availability of information
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10
Q

Bounded Rationality

A

rationality is limited when individual’s make decisions
• This is because our cognitive capacity is limited, and we make decisions by considering limited amount of information.
• We generate alternatives from our experience, not by gathering and analysing outside information
• We select solutions that are satisfactory and sufficient

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11
Q

Typical Perception Biases (5)

A

Availability, Anchoring, Hindsight, Escalation of Commitment, Randomness Errors

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12
Q

Availability Bias

A

base judgments on information readily available to them

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13
Q

Anchoring Bias

A

fixate on initial information, from which one then fails to adjust adequately for subsequent information

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14
Q

Hindsight Bias

A

believe falsely that after an outcome, they would have accurately predicted that outcome

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15
Q

Escalation of Committment

A

increased commitment to a previous decision despite negative information

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16
Q

Randomness Errors

A

individuals believe they can predict the outcome of random events