2. Personality

Question 1

Personality

Answer 1

a person’s general style of interacting with the world, especially other people

Question 2

Trait

Answer 2

a distinguished characteristic

is less likely to change in the short term and possibly remains constant throughout your lifetime

Question 3

What naïve belief do people have about personality

Answer 3

that they can easily evaluate their own and other’s personality

Question 4

MBTI

Answer 4

is an introspective self-report questionnaire indicating differing psychological preferences in how people perceive the world and make decisions by assigning four personality dimensions and 8 sub-characteristics

Question 5

What are the four dimensions of personality dimensions of MBTI?

Answer 5

Extroverted/Introverted
Sensing/Intuitive
Thinking/Feeling
Judging/Perceiving

Question 6

Characteristics of Extroverted/Introverted

Answer 6

Extroverted - more outgoing, social and assertive

Introverted - more quiet and shy

Question 7

Characteristics of Sensing/Intuitive

Answer 7

Sensing – practical, enjoy order and detailed-oriented

Intuitive – more “big picture” oriented and rely on “gut” feeling

Question 8

Characteristics of Thinking/Feeling

Answer 8

Thinking – use reason and logic in decision making

Feeling – use emotions to make decisions

Question 9

Characteristics of Judging/Perceiving

Answer 9

Judging – control-oriented and enjoy structure and order

Perceiving – more flexible and spontaneous

Question 10

MBTI Problems

Answer 10

• Invalid categorisation of personality traits
• Not based on scientific findings
• Not predicting organisational outcomes

Question 11

Five Factor Model (OCEAN)

Answer 11

is a grouping for personality traits developed using scientific methods

Question 12

How does Five Factor Model Work

Answer 12

1. Generate hundreds of personality items
2. Participants rate their personality with these items
3. Ran confirmatory factor analysis to generate personality dimensions, found 5
4. Validated in many different cultures

Question 13

Big Five Advantages

Answer 13

• Does not force people to categorize their personality
• Can effectively summarise people’s personality
• Based on Scientific Findings
• Significantly predicting organisational outcomes
o Income + conscientiousness, extraversion; - neuroticism, agreeableness

Question 14

Big Five Categories

Answer 14

Openness to Experience
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Emotional Stability (Neuroticism)

Question 15

Openness to Experience

Answer 15

range of interest and fascination with novelty (creative, imaginative, curious artistically sensitive)

Question 16

Extraversion

Answer 16

ways you interact with others (extroverts are gregarious, assertive, sociable; introverts are more thoughtful reserved, timid, quiet)

Question 17

Agreeableness

Answer 17

degree person willing to defer to others (more cooperative, warm, trusting)

Question 18

Conscientiousness

Answer 18

measure of personal consistency and reliability (responsible, organised, dependable, persistent)

Question 19

Emotional Stability

Answer 19

degree to which a person can withstand stress (High ES Low N are calm, self-confident, secure; Low ES are hypervigilant, vulnerable to stress)

Question 20

Big Data

Answer 20

analyse large amount of data using computers

Question 21

Problems with Five Factor Model (2)

Answer 21

• Person may not be using technology and not agree to share data
• Potential for employers to abuse candidates using power

Question 22

Antecedents of personality (3)

Answer 22

1. Heredity – genetic heritage passed on by biological parents (Twin Study)
2. Environmental factors – socioeconomic status
3. Aging – influences levels of ability but not personality

Question 23

Problems of using personality test in hiring (there are 4)

Answer 23

• Putting people in a high-risk situation and force them to answer
• Selective memory – unconsciously and selectively recall favourable situations
• Subjective evaluation – no definite correct answer
• Job candidates are motivated to fake their personality