4 - Opioids Flashcards
What’s the difference between an opioid and an opiate?
An opioid is any drug that has actions similar to morphine
An opiate applies specifically to drugs that contain derivatives of opium
The body has three types of endogenous opioids:
Enkephalins
Endorphins
Dynorphins
What are the three opioid receptor subtypes?
Mu
Delta
Kappa
Opioid medications act primarily by activating _____ receptors
Mu
As a rule, opioid medications do not interact with _______ receptors
Delta
Which opioid receptor is related to physical dependence?
Mu
Activation of Mu receptors illicits:
analgesia
respiratory depression
euphoria
sedation
What is a major side effect of methadone that should be monitored in patients?
QT prolongation
Pentazocine is an agonist at ____ receptors and an antagonist at ______ receptors
Agonist at kappa receptors
Antagonist at Mu receptors
Relieves pain and causes less respiratory depression, no euphoria
What will happen if an opioid-dependent patient is given pentazocine?
It will trigger opioid withdrawal
Buprenorphine is an agonist at _____ receptors and an antagonist at _____ receptors
Partial agonist at Mu receptors
Antagonist at Kappa receptors
Which opioid drug is naloxone not effective against?
Buprenorphine
It works when given prophylactically, but it cannot dislodge buprenorphine from the receptor because it binds very tightly
What is embeda?
Morphine and naltrexone combination drug
It has morphine ER pellets on the outside of the pill and a naltrexone core
When the capsule is swallowed, only the morphine is absorbed
BUT if the pellet is crushed, the naltrexone will also be absorbed.
Discourages crushing and huffing
