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Pharmacology I > 3 - Women's Health > Flashcards

3 - Women's Health Flashcards

1
Q

In addition to reproduction, progestogens affect _____ and _____

A

Bone mineralization

Lipid metabolism

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2
Q

The first half of the menstrual cycle is called ______ and the second half is called ______

A

Follicular Phase

Luteal Phase

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3
Q

During the follicular phase, estrogens are synthesized by ______

A

ovarian follicles

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4
Q

During the luteal phase, estrogens are synthesized by ______

A

the corpus luteum (unfertilized ovum)

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5
Q

During pregnancy, large quantities of which hormone are produced by the placenta?

A

Estrogen

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6
Q

Bearing in mind that estrogen is a steroid, where in the cell does it exert its effects?

A

in the cell nucleus, not the cell surface

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7
Q

Falling levels of which hormone cause menstruation?

A

Progesterone

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8
Q

Why are postmenopausal women at a higher risk of heart disease?

A

Estrogen receptors in the endothelium produce NO and estrogens lower levels of LDLs

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9
Q

Why are pregnant women so prone to clotting?

A

Estrogen increases levels of Coagulation factors and decreases the levels of antithrombin

They also increase fibrinolysis, which should keep things balanced

BUT if there’s any genetic oddities in the patient’s coagulation cascade or some precipitating factor, it’s easy for things to become unbalanced

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10
Q

What are the five metabolic functions effected by estrogen?

A
  1. Bone maintenance
  2. CV effects
  3. Coagulation
  4. Neuroprotection
  5. Glucose homeostasis
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11
Q

What are five therapeutic uses for Estrogens?

A
  1. Menopausal therapy
  2. female hypogonadism
  3. Acne
  4. Cancer palliation
  5. Transgender
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12
Q

Which patients should not receive estrogen?

A
  1. Abnormal vaginal bleeding with unknown cause
  2. estrogen dependent cancer
  3. DVT/PE Hx
  4. Thromboembolic event in the last year
  5. Abnormal liver fx
  6. Pregnancy
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13
Q

Which foods are best taken with estrogen?

A

Nausea is common early on and gets better with time

dry foods and raw fruits and veggies are less likely to produce nausea

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14
Q

What therapy regimen should women receiving hormone therapy for menopause take?

A

Estrogen AND progestin

Taking just estrogen can lead to endometrial carcinoma

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15
Q

A surge of which two hormones makes ovulation possible?

A

FSH

LH

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16
Q

What separates the follicular phase from the luteal phase?

A

The release of FSH and LH, resulting in ovulation

17
Q

Which drugs can interfere with birth control?

A
18
Q

What is the corpus luteum?

A

A cyst in the ovary formed from the ruptured ovum complex that secretes progesterone

19
Q

What causes the endometrium to slough during menstruation?

A

When progesterone levels fall, the spiral arteries formed spasm and rupture, depriving the stratum functionalis of blood

The S. Functionalis becomes ischemic and sheds

20
Q

What are the three types of estrogen?

A

Estrone (E1)

Estradiol (E2)

Estriol (E3)

21
Q

What estrogen is produced by the ovaries?

A

E2 Estradiol

22
Q

SELECTIVE ESTROGEN RECEPTORS MODULATORS

MOA & DRUG LIST

A

Tamoxifen, Raloxifene, Duavee

Block estrogen receptors in some tissues and activate them in others

Helpful for producing the beneficial effects of estrogen without the risks of exogenous estrogen

23
Q

What’s the biggest difference between Tamoxifen and Raloxifene?

A

Tamoxifen carries a risk of endometrial cancer, and Raloxifene does not

Both of them protect against breast cancer

24
Q

For the first 7 weeks of pregnancy, where is progesterone coming from?

A

From the Corpus Luteum

The developing trophoblast secretes hCG to trigger the corpus luteum to keep forming progesterone

25
Q

When in pregnancy does ovarian progesterone production begin to decrease?

A

Around week 10 the placenta starts to make enough progesterone on its own and signals to the corpus luteum to halt production

26
Q

There are two categories of oral contraceptives:

A
  1. Combination (estrogen and progestin)
  2. Progestin Only
27
Q

Which birth control can women with clotting risk use?

A

Progestin only:

Mini pill, IUD, Depo-Provera, Nexplanon

Pharmacology I (29 decks)

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