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Chemistry > 4 Introduction to hydrocarbons > Flashcards

4 Introduction to hydrocarbons Flashcards

1
Q

What are hydrocarbons?

A

They are molecules that contain only carbon and hydrogen.

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2
Q

How are carbon atoms joined to hydrogen atoms?

A

By single bonds.

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3
Q

What is the empirical formula?

A

The simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound.

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4
Q

What is the molecular formula?

A

The actual number of atoms in each element of a compound.

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5
Q

What is a homologous series?

A

A series of compounds with similar chemical properties because they have the same functional group.

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6
Q

How can the members of a homologous series be represented?

A

Using a general formula.

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7
Q

What is the general formula?

A

A formula which can be applied to a whole family of compounds.

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8
Q

What is the displayed formula?

A

A formula that shows all the bonds in a molecule as individual lines. Each line represents a pair of shared electrons in a covalent bond.

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9
Q

What is the structural formula?

A

It shows how the atoms in a molecule are joined together.

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10
Q

What is the structural formula for butane?

A

CH3CH2CH2CH3

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11
Q

How do you find out the empirical formula from the molecular formula?

A

You take the subscripts from the molecular formula and then reduce them to the simplest whole number ratio.

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12
Q

How do you find out the molecular formula from the empirical formula?

A

Find the relative formula mass of the compound and then divide or times appropriately.

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13
Q

What is the functional group?

A

An atom or a group of atoms that determine the chemical properties of a compound.

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14
Q

What is isomerism?

A

When more than one compound have the same chemical formula but different chemical structures.

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15
Q

What is the general formula for alkenes?

A

CnH2n

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16
Q

What is the general formula for alkanes?

A

CnH2n+2

17
Q

How do you know which end of the chain to number from?

A

You number from the end which produces the smaller numbers in the name.

18
Q

What are structural isomers?

A

They are molecules with the same molecular formula, but different structural formulae

19
Q

What is a straight chain?

A

It is an unbranched chain.

20
Q

What is combustion in terms of reactions of hydrocarbons?

A

Is when excess oxygen gives rise to carbon dioxide and water, together with the release of a large amount of heat energy.

21
Q

What does the prefix ‘di’ mean?

A

It indicates the presence of two identical branches in the molecule.

22
Q

What is an example of combustion?

A

Propane burning.

23
Q

What is the equation of propane burning?

A

C3H8 + 5O2 –> 3CO2 + 4H2O

24
Q

What is substitution in terms of reactions of hydrocarbons?

A

It occurs when an atom or group of atoms is replaced by a different atom or group of atoms.

25
Q

What is an example of substitution?

A

Ethane with bromine gas.

26
Q

How does ethane with bromine gas undergo substitution? (Word equation)

A

Ethane + Bromine –> Bromoethane + Hydrogen bromide

27
Q

What is addition in terms of reactions of hydrocarbons?

A

When something is added to a molecule without taking anything away.

28
Q

What is an example of addition?

A

Alkenes undergo this type of reaction.
Ethene with Br2.

29
Q

What do you have to remember when addition reactions take place?

A

You have to break the double bond of the alkene.

30
Q

What do hydrocarbons of the same homologous series have in common?

A
  • Same functional group.
  • Similar chemical properties.
  • Show a trend in physical properties.
  • Can be described by the same general formula.
31
Q

How many carbons are there in the ‘meth’ chain?

A

1

32
Q

How many carbons are there in the ‘eth’ chain?

A

2

33
Q

How many carbons are there in the ‘prop’ chain?

A

3

34
Q

How many carbons are there in the ‘but’ chain?

A

4

35
Q

How many carbons are there in the ‘pent’ chain?

A

5

36
Q

How many carbons are there in the ‘hex’ chain?

A

6

37
Q

What are alkanes?

A

They are a homologous series of similar hydrocarbons in which all the carbons are joined to each other with single covalent bonds.

38
Q

What are alkenes?

A
39
Q
A

Chemistry (22 decks)

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