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Chemistry > 1 Atomic structure > Flashcards

1 Atomic structure Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an atom?

A

The smallest piece of an element that can still be recognised as an element.

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2
Q

What is a molecule?

A

Two or more atoms covalently bonded together. Molecules contain a certain fixed number of atoms.

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3
Q

What are atoms made of?

A

Protons, neutrons and electrons.

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4
Q

Why are they called sub-atomic particles?

A

Because they are smaller than an atom.

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5
Q

What does the nucleus of an atom contain?

A

Protons and neutrons.

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6
Q

Where are the electrons found?

A

At large distances from the nucleus.

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7
Q

What is the relative mass and relative charge of a proton?

A

Relative mass: 1
Relative charge: +1

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8
Q

What is the relative mass and relative charge of a neutron?

A

Relative mass: 1
Relative charge: 0

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9
Q

What is the relative mass and relative charge of an electron?

A

Relative mass: 1/1836
Relative charge: -1

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10
Q

What is an elements atomic number?

A

The number of protons in an atom.
(Smaller number at the bottom)

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11
Q

What is elements mass number?

A

The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
(Larger number at the top)

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12
Q

How do you find the number of neutrons that an atom has?

A

Mass number - Atomic number

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13
Q

What is the number of electrons always equal to?

A

Protons.

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14
Q

What are isotopes?

A

They are atoms of the same element which have the same atomic number buy different mass numbers.
(Same number of protons but a different number of neutrons)

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15
Q

What is the relative atomic mass of an atom?

A

It is the average mass of an atom, taking into account the amount of each isotope present in a naturally occurring sample of an element.

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16
Q

What is the formula to calculate relative atomic mass?

A

(% of isotope1 x mass of isotope1) x (% of isotope2 x mass of isotope2)
/ 100

17
Q

Where are the groups found on the periodic table?

A

The vertical columns are groups.

18
Q

Where are the periods found on the periodic table?

A

The horizontal rows are called periods.

19
Q

How are the elements arranged in the periodic table?

A

In order of atomic number.

20
Q

What is the number of electrons that each shell can hold?

A

2, 8, 8, 2

21
Q

What do you use to draw the electronic configuration of an atom?

A

The elements atomic number.

22
Q

What elements have the same number of electrons in their outer shell?

A

Elements in the same group.

23
Q

What does the period number of an element tell us?

A

The number of occupied shells or the highest occupied shell.

24
Q

How do the group 1 elements react with water?

A
  • They react vigorously
  • To form hydrogen and hydroxides
25
Q

What is an example of how group 1 elements react with water?

A

Lithium + water —> Lithium hydroxide

26
Q

How do the group 7 elements react with hydrogen?

A

They form compounds that end in -ide.

27
Q

What is an example of how group 7 elements react with hydrogen?

A

Fluorine + hydrogen —> Hydrogen fluoride

28
Q

What do the elements in group 2 form?

A

Chlorides

29
Q

What do the reactions of atoms depend on?

A

How many electrons there are in their outer shell.

30
Q

Why do elements in the same group react similarly?

A

This is because they have the same number of electrons in their outer shell therefore they react in similar ways.

31
Q

Do metals or non-metals conduct electricity?

A

Metals

32
Q

Why do non-metals not conduct electricity?

A

This is because they have no electrons that are free to move.

33
Q

What kind of oxides do metals form?

A

Basic oxides.

34
Q

What are basic oxides?

A

Basic oxides react with acids to form salts.

35
Q

What kind of oxides do non-metals form?

A

Acidic oxides.

36
Q

What are acidic oxides?

A

Acidic oxides react with bases/alkalis to form salts.

37
Q

Where are metals found on the periodic table?

A

On the left hand side.

38
Q

Where are metals found on the periodic table?

A

On the right hand side.

Chemistry (22 decks)

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