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Chemistry > 4 Alkanes > Flashcards

4 Alkanes Flashcards

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1
Q

What are alkanes?

A

They are the simplest family of hydrocarbons.

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2
Q

What are many of the alkanes used for?

A

Fuels.

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3
Q

How do you draw methane?

A
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4
Q

How do you draw ethane?

A
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5
Q

How do you draw propane?

A
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6
Q

How do you draw butane?

A
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7
Q

What is an isomer?

A

They are compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas.

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8
Q

What is the general formula for alkanes?

A

CnH2n+2

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9
Q

Why are alkanes saturated hydrocarbons?

A

Because the hydrocarbon only has single bonds, and each carbon atom is bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as possible. There are no double bonds.

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10
Q

What are the steps you take to name organic compounds?

A
  • Find the longest c chain.
  • Start numbering from the side closest to the functional group or branch.
  • Start the name with the number of C atoms in the chain and then give the ending according to the homologous series. If there is a double bond, indicate its position with a number before the ending.
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11
Q

what does di-methyl mean?

A

There are two more branches, containing the formula CH3.

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12
Q

What is the formula for methyl?

A

CH3.

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13
Q

What is the formula for ethyl?

A

CH3CH2 (C2H5).

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14
Q

What do the little numbers show before the formula?

A

Where the branches are in terms of the carbon branch.

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15
Q

When do alkanes react with halogens? (for susbstitution)

A

In the presence of ultraviolet radiation.

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16
Q

What happens in term of structure during substitution?

A

A hydrogen atom in the alkane is replaced by a halogen atom.

17
Q

What is the word equation used to describe what happens in substitution involving methane and bromine?

A

Methane + Bromine -> Bromomethane + Hydrogen bromide

18
Q

What happens during that reaction of substitution?

A

A mixture of methane and bromine gas is orange because of the presence of bromine. If it is exposed to sunlight, it loses its colour, and a mixture of bromomethane and hydrogen bromide gases is formed.

19
Q

What is the formula to describe what happens in substitution involving methane and bromine?

A

CH4 + Br2 –> CH3Br + HBr

20
Q

What is mono-substitution?

A

It occurs when only one hydrogen atom in the alkanes is replaced by a halogen atom

21
Q

What are the products formed from substitution reactions called?

A

Halogenoalkanes.

22
Q

How are the halogenoalkanes named?

A

According to the format x-halogenoalkane, where x is the position of the halogen atom in the longest carbon atom chain.

23
Q

What is an example of x-halogenoalkane being used?

A

1-bromopropane or 2-bromopropane.

24
Q
A
25
Q
A

Chemistry (22 decks)

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