1 Ionic bonding

Question 1

What are ions?

Answer 1

They are charged particles formed when atoms lose or gain electrons. Ions can either have a positive or a negative charge.

Question 2

What is a positively charged ion called?

Answer 2

A cation.

Question 3

What is a negatively charged ion called?

Answer 3

An anion.

Question 4

What is the charge when something gains an electron?

Answer 4

Negatively charged.

Question 5

What is the charge when something loses an electron?

Answer 5

Positively charged.

Question 6

What is the charge of hydrogen?

Answer 6

H+

Question 7

What is the charge of hydroxide?

Answer 7

OH-

Question 8

What is the charge of ammonium?

Answer 8

NH4+

Question 9

What is the charge of carbonate?

Answer 9

CO3 2-

Question 10

What is the charge of nitrate?

Answer 10

NO3-

Question 11

What is the charge of sulfate?

Answer 11

SO4 2-

Question 12

What is the charge of gold?

Answer 12

Ag+

Question 13

What is the charge of copper?

Answer 13

Cu2+

Question 14

What is the charge of iron(II)?

Answer 14

Fe2+

Question 15

What is the charge of iron(III)?

Answer 15

Fe3+

Question 16

What is the charge of lead?

Answer 16

Pb2+

Question 17

What is the charge of zinc?

Answer 17

Zn2+

Question 18

How do you write formulae for compounds formed between the ions?

Answer 18

You swap the charges of each of the ions.

Question 19

What is something to remember when drawing a dot-and-cross diagram?

Answer 19

• That every ion needs to have a full outer shell and to always show the charges.
• There also may be more than one ion of a particular element present.

Question 20

What is ionic bonding in terms of electrostatic attractions?

Answer 20

It is the electrostatic force of attraction between two oppositely charged ions and occurs between metals and non-metals.

Question 21

What do ionic compounds form?

Answer 21

Giant lattice structures.

Question 22

What is a giant ionic lattice?

Answer 22

The arrangement of ions in an ionic compound in its solid state.

Question 23

What is a lattice held together by?

Answer 23

Strong electrostatic attractions between positively and negatively charged ions.

Question 24

What kind of melting and boiling points do giant ionic lattices have?

Answer 24

Very high melting and boiling points.

Question 25

Why do giant ionic lattices have such high melting and boiling points?

Answer 25

This is due to the very strong forces of attraction holding each ion together (holding the lattice together). This means that a lot of energy has to be supplied to break the strong forces between the oppositely charged ions in the structure.

Question 26

What are the physical properties of ionic compounds?

Answer 26

• They have high melting and boiling points.
• Tend to be crystalline (shows the regular arrangements of ions).
• Tend to be brittle (charges repel so the crystal splits itself apart).

Question 27

When do ionic compounds conduct electricity?

Answer 27

When molten and in aqueous solutions.

Question 28

Why do ionic compounds not conduct electricity when they are solid?

Answer 28

This is because the ions are in a fixed position and aren’t free to move around.

Question 29

Why do ionic compounds conduct electricity when they are molten or in an aqueous solution?

Answer 29

This is because the ions become free to move around.