1 The periodic table Flashcards

1
Q

What are the vertical columns in the periodic table called?

A

Groups.

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2
Q

How are the groups numbered.

A

1 - 7 and the final group is called group 0.

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3
Q

What is group 1?

A

The alkali metals.

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4
Q

What is group 7?

A

The halogens.

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5
Q

What is group 0?

A

The noble gases.

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6
Q

What are the horizontal rows in the periodic table called?

A

Periods

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7
Q

What can you use the periodic table to work out?

A

The number of protons, neutrons and electrons there are in atoms.

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8
Q

How do you find the number of protons?

A

It is equal to the atomic number.

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9
Q

How do you find the number of electrons?

A

It is equal to the number of protons.

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10
Q

How do you find the number of neutrons?

A

Mass number - atomic number.

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11
Q

How are the electrons arranged in the outer shells of atoms?

A

2,8,8,2.

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12
Q

What does electronic configuration mean?

A

It is the arrangement of electrons in an atom.

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13
Q

Which value do you use when drawing electronic configurations?

A

The atomic number.

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14
Q

Why do we use the atomic number?

A

As it tells you the number of protons, the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons. And electrons are the ones that encircle the atom.

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15
Q

What do characteristics do elements in the same group share?

A

Elements in the same group in the periodic table have the same number of electrons in their outer shell.

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16
Q

What is the same about the number of electrons in their outer shells from groups 1 - 7?

A

The number of electrons in the outer shell is the same as the group number for groups 1 to 7.

17
Q

What does the period number give us?

A

The number of occupied shells or the highest occupied shell.

18
Q

What happens to the atomic number as you progress through the periodic table?

A

It increases.

19
Q

What is so special about elements in the same group?

A

Groups in the periodic table contain elements with similar chemical properties - they react in the same way.

20
Q

Why do elements in the same group in the periodic table have similar chemical properties?

A

The reactions of atoms depend on how many electrons there are in their outer shell. These are the electrons which normally get involved when elements bond to other elements. Elements in the same group have the same number of electrons in their outer shell, therefore they react in similar ways.

21
Q

What is an example of how all group 1 elements react?

A

They react vigorously with water to form hydrogen and hydroxides with similar formulae: LiOH, NaOH, KOH.

22
Q

What is an example of how all group 7 elements react?

A

They all react with hydrogen to form compounds with similar formulae: HF, HCI, HBr.

23
Q

What is an example of how all group 2 elements react?

A

They form chlorides with similar formulae: MgCl2, CaCl2.

24
Q

What is group 0 known as?

A

The noble gases.

25
Q

Why are they known as the noble gases?

A

Because they are completely un reactive. In fact, the two at the top of the group, helium and neon, don’t react with anything. The elements in group 0 have 8 electrons in their outer shell, apart from helium, which has 2.

26
Q

Why are the noble gases un reactive?

A

The lack of reactivity of the elements in group 0 is associated with their electronic configurations. The noble gases are un reactive because their outer shell is full, and so there is no tendency to lose, gain or share electrons in a chemical reaction.

27
Q

How are metals and non-metals ordered in the periodic table?

A

The metals are on the left-hand side of the periodic table and the non-metals are on the right-hand side.

28
Q

Where is the line that divides metals and non-metals on the periodic table?

A
29
Q

What are some examples of the properties of metals?

A
  • Conduct electricity.
  • Form basic oxides.
30
Q

Why can metals conduct electricity?

A

Due to the presence of delocalised electrons that are free to move.

31
Q

What is a basic oxide?

A

A basic oxide is one which reacts with acids to form salts.

32
Q

What are some examples of the properties of non-metals?

A
  • Do not conduct electricity.
  • Form acidic oxides.
33
Q

Why do non-metals not conduct electricity?

A

Because there are no electrons that are free to move or mobile ions. With the exception of graphite and silicon.

34
Q

What are acidic oxides?

A

Acidic oxides react with bases/alkalis to form salts.

35
Q

What are some other properties of metals?

A
  • Tend to be solids with high melting and boiling points, and with relatively high densities.
  • Αre shiny when they are polished or freshly cut.
  • Are malleable.
  • Are ductile.
  • Are good conductors of electricity and heat.
  • Form ionic compounds.
  • Form positive ions in their compounds.
36
Q

What are some other properties of non-metals?

A
  • Tend to have low melting and boiling points.
  • Tend to be brittle when they are solids.
  • Don’t have the same type of shine as metals.
  • Don’t usually conduct electricity.
  • Are poor conductors of heat.
  • Form both ionic and covalent compounds.
  • Tend to form negative ions in ionic compounds.
37
Q
A
37
Q
A