4 Immune Memory and Vaccination Flashcards
What cells die off after infection has resolved?
Effector T and B cells
What specifically provides protective immunity?
Antibodies
*they last a lot longer in the body
What cells are inhibited and activated during a secondary immune response?
Memory B cells are activated
Naive B cells are inhibited
Immunizations do what for the antibodies produced by B cells?
Immunizations cause the antibodies to bind with greater affinity
What do Memory T cells not require to kill a cell?
CD28 binding
Pathogens that are highly mutable (can change surface antigens a lot) can do what to immunity?
They can erode immune memory by switching off all of their surface antigens, making it so that no antibodies can detect the pathogen
After immunity has eroded due to pathogen mutability, what is the next infection considered?
A primary infection
How are live attenuated vaccines made?
The lab cultures the virus and then uses it to infect monkey cells. The viruses adapt to infect monkey cells, and once that happens the virus cannot actually infect human cells anymore
Define adjuvant.
A compound that incites an adaptive immune response
What provides immediate reaction to a pathogen during a secondary response?
Effector Memory cells (CD4 T-cells, CD8 T-cells, and plasma B-cells)
Where do new effector T-cells come from during a secondary response?
Central Memory T-cells
Effector Memory T-cells don’t need what receptor to bind to initiate cell killing?
CD28
What antibody is primarily produced in the lymph node during a primary response?
Low affinity IgM
Why does a secondary immune response require less energy to activate?
Already specific cells, so no clonal expansion or selection has to occur. Naive B-cells are prevented from activating during secondary response
What happens to memory when the pathogen is highly mutable?
The immunity that’s been built up is rendered ineffective because the pathogen changes antigens
