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Host + Defense > 4 Hepatitis > Flashcards

4 Hepatitis Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two most common types of hepatitis virus cause acute hepatitis infection?

A

Hep A and E

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2
Q

How does a person present with acute hepatitis infection?

A

They have “flu-like” symptoms, jaundice, painful liver, elevated liver function test results

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3
Q

How does chronic hepatitis present?

A

Most times asymptomatic, but physical exam can show portal hypertension, and either normal or elevated LFTs

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4
Q

What hepatitis infection can resolve spontaneously? (acute or chronic)

A

Acute

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5
Q

Does Hepatitis B cause acute or chronic hepatitis?

A

Both. 30% of time it’s acute, 70% of time it’s chronic

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6
Q

What type of hepatitis causes only chronic hepatitis?

A

Hepatitis C virus

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7
Q

What kind of virus is Hep A?

A

Non-enveloped single-stranded RNA virus

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8
Q

In developing countries, who is more likely to get Hep A infection, and how?

A

Children are most likely to get HAV via fecal-orally (and/or through food)

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9
Q

What is the usual incubation period for HAV?

A

28 days

like the movie!

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10
Q

What are some risk factors for hepatitis A infection?

A

child being in day care, international travel, man to man sexual intercourse, and IV drug users

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11
Q

Who presents with symptoms during HAV infection?

A

Adults are almost always symptomatic, only 30% of kids are symptomatic

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12
Q

Who gets vaccinated against HAV?

A

children at 1 y.o., international travelers, homosexual males, IVDUs, pts with HIV

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13
Q

What kind of virus is Hepatitis E?

A

Non-enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus

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14
Q

How is HEV transmitted?

A

spread via fecal contaminated water

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15
Q

How does HEV infection present compared to HAV?

A

They present nearly identical to one another

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16
Q

What kind of virus is HBV?

A

Enveloped DNA virus: partially dsDNA and ssDNA

17
Q

What is the surface antigen for Hep B?

A

HBsAg

18
Q

What is HBcAg?

A

Hep B core nucleocapsid protein (antigen)

19
Q

What does HBxAg bind to?

A

p53, inhibiting apoptosis and tumor prevention

20
Q

In areas of high prevalence of HBV, what is the most common route of transmission?

A

From mother to infant during birth

90% infxn rate

21
Q

The neonatal HBV vaccine is how effective?

A

95% efficacy

administered to infant after birth

22
Q

What is the most common way for a healthcare worker getting HBV?

A

Via blood from needle pricks or accidents

about 30% chance of infection if exposed to blood

23
Q

In areas of low prevalence, what is the most common route of transmission for HBV?

A

Sexually, especially between two men

24
Q

What percentage of adults infected by HBV will develop chronic hepatitis?

A

70%, but this rate decreases with the increasing age of patient

25
Q

Are men or women more likely to get chronic HBV?

A

Women more likely to have chronic HBV, men more likely to present with symptomatic, acute HBV

26
Q

What are two manifestations of chronic HBV?

A

cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)

27
Q

What would you test for to diagnose HBV?

A

HBsAg

DO NOT test for HBcAg because it’s intracellular

28
Q

What does HBeAg signify?

A

it’s a marker signifying replication and infectivity of the HBV

29
Q

What two signs should you see to treat HBV?

A

HBeAg concentration and disease (typically inflammation or necrosis of liver)

30
Q

If you don’t have HBV, what hepatitis virus are you guaranteed not to have?

A

Hepatitis D virus

it infects 10% of HBV patients

31
Q

What is the only approved treatment for HDV?

A

IFNa

32
Q

What type of virus is the hepatitis C virus?

A

Enveloped RNA virus

33
Q

Hepatitis C must be transmitted through what?

A

Blood

34
Q

If you suspect a patient has Hep C, what two tests should you perform to diagnose?

A

HCV antibody test first. If positive do an immunoassay to test if the virus is actively present

35
Q

If your patient is positive for Hep C, what two things should you always test for next?

A

HIV and Hep B

36
Q

New drugs that cure HCV target what part of the virus?

A

polymerase and protease enzymes

Host + Defense (22 decks)

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