4. Global Health Flashcards
described the responsibility of well developed nations to help lesser developed nations
The Millennium Report (2015)
came from health people 2020 and states that all world citizens should enjoy a level of health that permits them to lead productive life
Health for All in the 21st Century (HFA21)
Developed vs underdeveloped nations
- developed: has a stable economy, a wide range of industry and technology development
- underdeveloped: not yet stable in economy, industry, or technology
8 UN Millennium Goals
- eradicate extreme poverty/hunger
- achieve universal primary education
- promote gender equality and empower women
- reduce child mortality
- improve maternal health
- combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases
- ensure environmental sustainability
- global partnership and development
What is the ultimate goal fo primary health care
better health for all people
WHO’s Five Elements of Primary Health Care
- reduced exclusion and social disparity
- services organized around needs and expectations
- health integrated into all sectors
- collaborative policy dialogue
- increased stakeholder participation
Updated goals for the Millennium Development Goals
- organized health education
- aggressive environmental sanitation
- maternal-child health programs
- preventive programs for local endemic diseases
- accessible, affordable treatments
- available chemotherapy
- nutrition programs
- promotion of traditional medicine
global health organization s that are funded from multiple sources
multilateral organizations
examples of multilateral organizations
- WHO
- UN Children’s Fund (UNICEF)
- Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)
- World Bank
single-government agency provided aid to lesser-developed countries
bilateral organization
Example of bilateral organization
US Agency for International Development (USAID)
Examples of nongovernment organizations (NGOs) or private voluntary organizations (PVOs)
- Oxfam
- Project Hope
- International Red Cross
- Catholic Relief Services (CRS)
- church-sponsored health care missionaries
mortality indicator developed by WHO
global burden of disease (GBD)
combines losses from premature death and losses of healthy life that result from disability
GBD indicator
difference between actual age at death and life expectancy at the age in a low-mortality population
premature death
2 shortcomings of GBD
- can’t address consequences of disease
- can’t measure effects of social dysfunction, violence, or war
prevention strategies for communicable diseases
- immunization
- environmental sanitation
3 environmental threats
- industrial water contamination
- medical waste dumps
- airborne chemicals
Communicable diseases pose the highest risk to which population?
Children
largest cause of death from one infectious agent and leading killer of people w/ HIV
Tuberculosis (TB)
2 threats to TB control
- HIV
- Multidrug resistance
advent of DDT-resistant mosquitoes that affects more than 50% of the world
Malaria
prevention of malaria
- insecticide treated bed nets
- insecticide sprays
- larva eating fish
- early treatment w/ anti-malarial drugs
symptoms of malaria
- fever
- chills
- flu-like sxs
treatment for malaria
anti-malarial drugs (currently working on antimalarial vaccine)
What is the leading cause of death in children under 5 years old
diarrheal diseases
3 major syndrome of diarrheal diseases
- acute watery
- persistant
- bloody
diarrhea control programs
- improve childhood nutrition
- need for improvement of living conditions
treatment for diarrheal diseases
hydration
What is associated w/ the most female deaths worldwide
pregnancy and childbirth
maternal mortality risk factors
- poor nutrition
- disease
- high parity
- age (under 20 and over 35)
What accounts for a large portion of the world’s disease burden
poor nutrition
interventions for poor nutrition
- plumpy nut (peanut butter paste supplement w/ shelf life of 3-4 years)
- teaching farm
- education
used to track potential risks for intentional harm to people of the world
surveillance systems
4 primary tasks of surveillance systems
- systemic disease intelligence and detection
- outbreak verification
- immediate alert
- rapid response
