21. Disaster in the Community Flashcards
any natural or human-made incident that causes disruption, destruction, or devastation requiring external assistance; disproportionately strikes at at-risk individuals
disaster
prevention against natural disasters
- reducing risks to people and property from natural hazards before they occur
- protecting buildings and infrastructure
- threats include forces of wind/water
- determine community threats
- identification of populations at risk
role of nurse in natural disaster prevention
- conduct risk assessment
- identify types of disasters that could occur
- ensure there is a disaster plan in place
- identify resources that could be used during/after disaster
- evacuation methods
- potential of environmental dangers
at what levels does disaster preparedness occur
national, state, and local levels
personal preparation for a disaster
Red Cross Ready (kit and a plan)
professional preparation for a disaster
medical reserve corps (MRC) allows nurses an opportunity to support emergency preparedness and response in their local jurisdictions
community preparation for a disaster
- need emergency planning
- need warning system
- educate community about vulnerability
- disaster and mass casualty exercises
nurse’s role in disaster preparedness
- develop disaster plan based on most probably threats
- list resources
- locate equipment that might be needed
- evaluate effectiveness of disaster drills
- assist community members w/ personal disaster kits
first level of disaster response
first responders
second level of disaster response
state emergency management (national guard, supplies etc)
third level of disaster response
governor - seeks FEMA assistance from the president
provides guidance for all types of disasters
national incident management system (NIMS)
CDC managed program w/ medication and medical supplies provided by state request w/ assistance of public health departments
strategic national stockpine (SNS)
4 phases of stress reactions in the community
- heroic phase (everyone is helping each other)
- honeymoon phase (disaster is over and everyone is happy they are alive)
- disillusionment phase (people begin to think the government doesn’t care since it takes so long to rebuild; living in limbo)
- reconstruction phase (can last for years; return to a new normal)
role of nurse in disaster response
- activate disaster plan
- perform triage
- first responder
- epidemiology and ongoing surveillance
- rapid needs assessment
- disaster communication
- disaster response ethics
- sheltering
allocating treatment on basis of potential for survival
triage
SALT triage
- Sort
- Assess (ABCs)
- Lifesaving interventions
- Transport
nursing role in epidemiology and surveillance
- public health is first line of defense in disease outbreak
- need to collect data is heightened in disasters (includes disease tracking)
- data allows plans to allocate resources
- status of the affected population
- continues through recovery stage
nursing role in rapid needs assessment
- determine magnitude of incident
- define specific needs of affected population
- establish priorities
- objectives for action
- identify existing and potential health problems
- evaluating capacity of local response
what is critical to the rapid and ongoing needs assessment
communication
greatest good for the greatest number
utilitarianism
T/F: a nurse should care for themselves during a disaster and not take care of patients
True; ANA code of ethics states “nurse owes same duties to self as to others”
main agency that manages shelters during a disaster
Red Cross
starts when threat of danger has left and rebuilding can occur; lasts until economic and civil life of community are restored
recovery
nursing role in disaster recovery
- ongoing community assessment
- community resilience
- psychosocial support (possible feelings of severe hopelessness, depression, and grief in the disillusionment phase)
- referrals to mental health professionals
