21. Disaster in the Community

Question 1

any natural or human-made incident that causes disruption, destruction, or devastation requiring external assistance; disproportionately strikes at at-risk individuals

Answer 1

disaster

Question 2

prevention against natural disasters

Answer 2

• reducing risks to people and property from natural hazards before they occur
• protecting buildings and infrastructure
• threats include forces of wind/water
• determine community threats
• identification of populations at risk

Question 3

role of nurse in natural disaster prevention

Answer 3

• conduct risk assessment
• identify types of disasters that could occur
• ensure there is a disaster plan in place
• identify resources that could be used during/after disaster
• evacuation methods
• potential of environmental dangers

Question 4

at what levels does disaster preparedness occur

Answer 4

national, state, and local levels

Question 5

personal preparation for a disaster

Answer 5

Red Cross Ready (kit and a plan)

Question 6

professional preparation for a disaster

Answer 6

medical reserve corps (MRC) allows nurses an opportunity to support emergency preparedness and response in their local jurisdictions

Question 7

community preparation for a disaster

Answer 7

• need emergency planning
• need warning system
• educate community about vulnerability
• disaster and mass casualty exercises

Question 8

nurse’s role in disaster preparedness

Answer 8

• develop disaster plan based on most probably threats
• list resources
• locate equipment that might be needed
• evaluate effectiveness of disaster drills
• assist community members w/ personal disaster kits

Question 9

first level of disaster response

Answer 9

first responders

Question 10

second level of disaster response

Answer 10

state emergency management (national guard, supplies etc)

Question 11

third level of disaster response

Answer 11

governor - seeks FEMA assistance from the president

Question 12

provides guidance for all types of disasters

Answer 12

national incident management system (NIMS)

Question 13

CDC managed program w/ medication and medical supplies provided by state request w/ assistance of public health departments

Answer 13

strategic national stockpine (SNS)

Question 14

4 phases of stress reactions in the community

Answer 14

• heroic phase (everyone is helping each other)
• honeymoon phase (disaster is over and everyone is happy they are alive)
• disillusionment phase (people begin to think the government doesn’t care since it takes so long to rebuild; living in limbo)
• reconstruction phase (can last for years; return to a new normal)

Question 15

role of nurse in disaster response

Answer 15

• activate disaster plan
• perform triage
• first responder
• epidemiology and ongoing surveillance
• rapid needs assessment
• disaster communication
• disaster response ethics
• sheltering

Question 16

allocating treatment on basis of potential for survival

Answer 16

triage

Question 17

SALT triage

Answer 17

• Sort
• Assess (ABCs)
• Lifesaving interventions
• Transport

Question 18

nursing role in epidemiology and surveillance

Answer 18

• public health is first line of defense in disease outbreak
• need to collect data is heightened in disasters (includes disease tracking)
• data allows plans to allocate resources
• status of the affected population
• continues through recovery stage

Question 19

nursing role in rapid needs assessment

Answer 19

• determine magnitude of incident
• define specific needs of affected population
• establish priorities
• objectives for action
• identify existing and potential health problems
• evaluating capacity of local response

Question 20

what is critical to the rapid and ongoing needs assessment

Answer 20

communication

Question 21

greatest good for the greatest number

Answer 21

utilitarianism

Question 22

T/F: a nurse should care for themselves during a disaster and not take care of patients

Answer 22

True; ANA code of ethics states “nurse owes same duties to self as to others”

Question 23

main agency that manages shelters during a disaster

Answer 23

Red Cross

Question 24

starts when threat of danger has left and rebuilding can occur; lasts until economic and civil life of community are restored

Answer 24

recovery

Question 25

nursing role in disaster recovery

Answer 25

• ongoing community assessment
• community resilience
• psychosocial support (possible feelings of severe hopelessness, depression, and grief in the disillusionment phase)
• referrals to mental health professionals